通过匀浆骆驼肝探索美雄酮代谢物的生成：通过高分辨液相色谱-质谱分析在反兴奋剂应用方面的进展。

Exploring methandienone metabolites generated via homogenized camel liver: Advancements for anti-doping applications through High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis.

机构信息

Camel Forensic Laboratory, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, 597, United Arab Emirates.

Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Khadir Mohideen College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Adirampattinam, 614701, India.

出版信息

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2024 Dec 30;38(22):e9902. doi: 10.1002/rcm.9902.

DOI:10.1002/rcm.9902

PMID:39226915

Abstract

RATIONALE

Anabolic steroids, also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), encompass steroidal androgens such as testosterone, as well as synthetic counterparts with similar structures and effects. The misuse of AAS has increased over the years, leading to ethical and welfare concerns in sports. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) have banned AAS in relevant sports. Methandienone is one of the most identified anabolic androgenic steroids in sports drug testing, Therefore, reliable detection methods are crucial for effective doping control and maintaining the integrity of the sports.

METHODS

This study explores the use of homogenized camel liver for detecting methandienone metabolites in camels. The biotransformation pathways of methandienone in homogenized camel liver tissues are analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to identify and characterize the phase I and phase II metabolites. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Thermo-Hypersil C18 column.

RESULTS

The study has identified 11 methandienone metabolites (M1-M11), this includes 10 phase I and one phase II metabolite. A glucuronic acid conjugate of methandienone was observed in this study, but no sulfonic acid conjugations were found. The metabolites and their possible chemical structures, along with their fragmentation patterns are confirmed using MSMS (MS2) experiments in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings serve as a vital tool for the rapid detection of methandienone, combating its illicit use in camel racing. Comprehensive screenings covering both the parent drug and its metabolites are recommended to improve detection accuracy and ensure regulatory compliance in sports doping. Future research should explore methandienone's metabolite profile in administered camel samples.

摘要

背景

合成代谢类固醇，也被称为合成雄性激素（AAS），包括睾酮等甾体雄激素，以及具有相似结构和作用的合成对应物。多年来，AAS 的滥用有所增加，这导致了体育领域的伦理和福利问题。世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）和国际马术运动联合会（FEI）已在相关运动中禁止使用 AAS。在运动兴奋剂检测中，美雄酮是最常被识别的合成代谢雄激素之一。因此，可靠的检测方法对于有效的兴奋剂控制和维护体育的完整性至关重要。