Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology and Laboratory of Community Health, Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
Laboratory of Innovation Research in Health Sciences, Therapeutic Innovation, Translational Research, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Sep 3;24(1):2390. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19950-4.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of disability and premature death. This is due to the ascending trend of consuming an unhealthy diet and obesity which increases the risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main aim of this review was to fill the knowledge gap by providing an up-to-date overview of the prevalence of CVD risk factors among women and to estimate the pooled prevalence among adolescent and pregnant women in Morocco.
The review included original cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of CVD risk factors in Moroccan women aged ≥ 15 years, published between January 2008 and December 2022. The databases searched included MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and national government publications (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023426809).
Initially, 1471 articles were identified, and 76 studies were included. The most commonly reported CVD risk factor was obesity (reported in 56 studies), the prevalence of obesity varies according to the age groups of women with the rate being particularly high in urban women aged ≥ 35 years (ranging of 14-44.9%). Followed by diabetes (ranging from 7.2 to 12.6%) with a high rate in menopausal women. Hypertension prevalence ranged from 29.8 to 39.29%. Among adolescents, the overall prevalence of obesity was 3.15% (95% CI: 2.6%, 3.7%) and the prevalence of physical inactivity was 56.5% (95% CI: 36.9 - 76%). Among pregnant women, the overall prevalence of obesity was 26.8% (95% CI: 15.5 - 38.2%). Gestational diabetes and hypertension were 15.2% (95% CI: 6.3 - 24.1%) and 7.07% (95% CI: 2.5 - 11.6%), respectively.
This review highlights the significant burden of CVD risk factors among Moroccan women, with a high prevalences of diabetes, obesity, hypertension. The prevalences of these risk factors varies with age, being notably higher in older age groups. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions to address these risk factors. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and standardized assessment tools to enhance the robustness of prevalence estimates and inform effective prevention strategies.
心血管疾病（CVD）是导致残疾和早逝的主要原因。这是由于不健康饮食和肥胖的上升趋势导致的，而肥胖会增加高血压和 2 型糖尿病的风险。本综述的主要目的是通过提供摩洛哥女性 CVD 风险因素的最新概述来填补知识空白，并估计青少年和孕妇中这些风险因素的总体患病率。
该综述包括了 2008 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月期间发表的、报告摩洛哥≥15 岁女性 CVD 风险因素患病率的原始横断面研究。检索的数据库包括 MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science、Google Scholar 和国家政府出版物（PROSPERO ID：CRD42023426809）。
最初，共确定了 1471 篇文章，其中纳入了 76 项研究。最常报告的 CVD 风险因素是肥胖（在 56 项研究中报告），肥胖的患病率因女性年龄组而异，城市≥35 岁的女性肥胖率特别高（14-44.9%）。其次是糖尿病（7.2-12.6%），在绝经期妇女中发病率较高。高血压的患病率范围为 29.8-39.29%。在青少年中，肥胖的总体患病率为 3.15%（95%CI：2.6%，3.7%），身体活动不足的患病率为 56.5%（95%CI：36.9-76%）。在孕妇中，肥胖的总体患病率为 26.8%（95%CI：15.5-38.2%）。妊娠期糖尿病和高血压的患病率分别为 15.2%（95%CI：6.3-24.1%）和 7.07%（95%CI：2.5-11.6%）。
本综述强调了摩洛哥女性 CVD 风险因素的显著负担，糖尿病、肥胖、高血压的患病率较高。这些风险因素的患病率随年龄变化而变化，在老年组中尤为明显。这些发现强调了需要采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施来解决这些风险因素。未来的研究应侧重于纵向研究和标准化评估工具，以提高患病率估计的稳健性，并为有效的预防策略提供信息。
