Sparks Joshua R, Wang Xuewen, Lavie Carl J, Sui Xuemei
Department of Exercise Science, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Expeditionary and Cognitive Sciences Research Group, Department of Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center, Leidos Inc. (Contract), San Diego, CA 92106, USA.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Aug 19;25(8):291. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2508291. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Despite decades of extensive research and clinical insights on the increased risk of all-cause and disease-specific morbidity and mortality due to obesity, the obesity paradox still presents a unique perspective, i.e., having a higher body mass index (BMI) offers a protective effect on adverse health outcomes, particularly in people with known cardiovascular disease (CVD). This protective effect may be due to modifiable factors that influence body weight status and health, including physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as well as non-modifiable factors, such as race and/or ethnicity. This article briefly reviews the current knowledge surrounding the obesity paradox, its relationship with PA and CRF, and compelling considerations for race and/or ethnicity concerning the obesity paradox. As such, this review provides recommendations and a call to action for future precision medicine to consider modifiable and non-modifiable factors when preventing and/or treating obesity.
尽管数十年来针对肥胖导致全因及特定疾病发病率和死亡率增加的风险进行了广泛研究并积累了临床见解，但肥胖悖论仍呈现出一种独特观点，即较高的体重指数（BMI）对不良健康结局具有保护作用，尤其是在已知患有心血管疾病（CVD）的人群中。这种保护作用可能归因于影响体重状况和健康的可改变因素，包括身体活动（PA）和心肺适能（CRF），以及不可改变因素，如种族和/或族裔。本文简要回顾了围绕肥胖悖论的现有知识、其与PA和CRF的关系，以及关于肥胖悖论中种族和/或族裔的重要考量因素。因此，本综述为未来精准医学在预防和/或治疗肥胖时考虑可改变和不可改变因素提供了建议并呼吁采取行动。
