Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024 Oct 14;10(10):6167-6190. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00082. Epub 2024 Sep 4.
Scaffolds play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering to support the defect area through bone regeneration and defect reconstruction. Promising tissue regeneration without negative repercussions and avoidance of the lifelong presence inside the body make bioresorbable metals prosper in the field of regenerative medicine. Recently, Zn and its alloys have emerged as promising biodegradable materials for their moderate degradation rate and satisfactory biocompatibility. Nevertheless, it is very challenging for cells to adhere and grow over the Zn surface alone, which influences the tissue-implant integration. In this study, an attempt has been made to systematically investigate the bioactivity responses in terms of in vitro hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, and in vivo biocompatibility of newly developed Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn/Mg alloy scaffolds with different surface roughness. The rough surface of Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg shows the highest degradation rate of 0.16 mm/yr. The rough surface exhibits a prominent role in the adsorption of protein, further enhancing cell adhesion. Concentration-dependent alloy extract shows the highest cell proliferation for 12.5% of the extract with a maximum cell viability of 101% in Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn and 108% in Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg after 3 d. Acceptable hemolysis percentages (less than 5%) with promising anticoagulation properties are observed for all of the conditions. Enhanced antibacterial ( and ) activity due to a significant effect of ions illustrates the maximum killing effect on the bacterial colony for the rough Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg alloy. In addition, it is observed that for rough Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn/Mg alloys, the inflammatory response is minimal after subcutaneous implantation, and neo-bone tissue forms in the defect areas of the rat femur with satisfactory biosafety response. The osseointegration property of the Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg alloy is comparable to that of the Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn alloy. Therefore, the rough surface of the Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg alloy has the potential to enhance biocompatibility and promote better osseointegration activity with host tissues for various biomedical applications.
支架在骨组织工程中起着至关重要的作用，通过骨再生和缺陷重建来支撑缺损区域。具有生物可降解性的金属材料在再生医学领域中得到了广泛的应用，因为它们可以在没有负面影响的情况下实现有前途的组织再生，并避免在体内长期存在。最近，锌及其合金因其适中的降解速率和令人满意的生物相容性而成为有前途的可生物降解材料。然而，单独在锌表面上，细胞的黏附和生长非常具有挑战性，这会影响组织-植入物的整合。在这项研究中，我们尝试系统地研究新开发的具有不同表面粗糙度的 Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn/Mg 合金支架的体外血液相容性、细胞毒性、抗菌活性和体内生物相容性等生物活性响应。Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg 的粗糙表面表现出最高的降解速率为 0.16mm/yr。粗糙表面在蛋白质吸附方面发挥了突出的作用，进一步增强了细胞黏附。浓度依赖性合金浸提液显示，浸提液浓度为 12.5%时，细胞增殖率最高，Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn 和 Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg 的最大细胞活力分别为 101%和 108%，培养 3 天后。所有条件下的溶血率（低于 5%）都在可接受范围内，且具有良好的抗凝特性。由于离子的显著作用，增强的抗菌（和）活性表明粗糙的 Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg 合金对细菌菌落具有最大的杀伤作用。此外，观察到在皮下植入后，粗糙的 Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn/Mg 合金的炎症反应最小，并且在大鼠股骨的缺陷区域形成新的骨组织，具有令人满意的生物安全性反应。Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg 合金的骨整合性能与 Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn 合金相当。因此，粗糙的 Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg 合金表面具有增强生物相容性和促进与宿主组织更好的骨整合活性的潜力，可用于各种生物医学应用。
