Ioannidou Paulina, Dóró Zsuzsanna, Schalla Jan, Wätjen Wim, Diel Patrick, Isenmann Eduard
Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Biofunctionality of Secondary Plant Compounds, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2024 Oct;28(10):100349. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100349. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Menopause has a significant impact on the endocrine system of middle-aged women, resulting in a loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM), changes in fat mass (FM) and a reduction in strength capacity. Resistance training (RT) and a high-protein diet (HPD) are effective methods for maintaining or increasing SMM. This study aims to determine the effects of HPD and RT on body composition, muscle thickness and strength capacity in postmenopausal women.
In total 55 healthy postmenopausal women (age: 58.2 ± 5.6 years, weight 69.1 ± 9.6 kg, height 166.5 ± 6.5 cm) successfully participated in the study. The women were randomly assigned to either group: training + protein (2.5 g/kg fat-free mass (FFM)) (n = 15; TP); only training (n = 12; T); only protein (2.5 g/kg FFM) (n = 14; CP) or control (n = 14; C). TP and T performed RT for 12 weeks with three training sessions and five exercises each. CP and C were prohibited from training during the period. The main parameters analysed for body composition were FFM, SMM, FM, muscle thickness of the M. rectus femoris, M. biceps femoris, M. triceps brachii and M. biceps brachii muscles. Strength was tested using a dynamometer for grip strength and 1-RM in the squat (BBS) and deadlift (DL).
The SMM significantly increased by RT (TP: (Δ+1.4 ± 0.9 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.4; T: Δ+1.2 ± 1.3kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.3) and FM could be reduced only in T: (Δ-2.4 ± 2.9 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.3). In muscle thickness a significant increase in the M. biceps brachii in both training groups (TP: (Δ+0.4 ± 0.3 cm; p < 0.05; d = 1.6; T: (Δ+0.3 ± 0.3 cm; p < 0.05; d = 0.9) and in M. biceps femoris only in TP (Δ+0.3 ± 0.4 cm; p < 0.05; d = 0.9) were observed. HPD without training does not affect body composition, A significant increase in grip strength (TP: Δ+4.7 ± 2.4 kg; (p < 0.05; d = 1.5; T: (Δ+3.6 ± 3.0 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.8), in BBS (TP: (Δ+30.0 ± 14.2 kg; p < 0.05; d = 1.5; T: (Δ+34.0 ± 12.0 kg; p < 0.05; d = 2.4) and in DL (TP: (Δ+20.8 ± 10.3 kg; p < 0.05; d = 1.6; T: (Δ+22.1 ± 7.6 kg; p < 0.05; d = 2.0) was observed in both training groups. The CP also recorded a significant increase in the BBS (Δ+7.5 ± 5.4 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.4) and in DL (Δ+5.5 ± 7.7 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.5). No significant differences were detected for TP and T for any of the parameters.
The results indicate that RT enhances body composition and strength capacity in postmenopausal women and is a preventive strategy against muscle atrophy. Besides HPD without training has a trivial significant effect on BBS and DL. HPD with RT has no clear additive effect on body composition and strength capacity. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations.
绝经对中年女性的内分泌系统有重大影响，导致骨骼肌质量（SMM）丧失、脂肪量（FM）变化以及力量能力下降。抗阻训练（RT）和高蛋白饮食（HPD）是维持或增加SMM的有效方法。本研究旨在确定HPD和RT对绝经后女性身体成分、肌肉厚度和力量能力的影响。
共有55名健康的绝经后女性（年龄：58.2±5.6岁，体重69.1±9.6kg，身高166.5±6.5cm）成功参与了该研究。这些女性被随机分为以下几组：训练+蛋白质（2.5g/kg去脂体重（FFM））（n = 15；TP组）；仅训练组（n = 12；T组）；仅蛋白质组（2.5g/kg FFM）（n = 14；CP组）或对照组（n = 14；C组）。TP组和T组进行12周的抗阻训练，每周三次训练课程，每次五项练习。在此期间，CP组和C组被禁止训练。分析身体成分的主要参数有FFM、SMM、FM、股直肌、股二头肌、肱三头肌和肱二头肌的肌肉厚度。使用握力计测试握力，并测试深蹲（BBS）和硬拉（DL）的1-RM。
抗阻训练使SMM显著增加（TP组：（增加1.4±0.9kg；p<0.05；d = 0.4；T组：增加1.2±1.3kg；p<0.05；d = 0.3），且只有T组的FM有所减少：（减少2.4±2.9kg；p<0.05；d = 0.3）。两个训练组的肱二头肌肌肉厚度均显著增加（TP组：（增加0.4±
