Kapsetaki Stefania E, Compton Zachary T, Mellon Walker, Vincze Orsolya, Giraudeau Mathieu, Harrison Tara M, Abegglen Lisa M, Boddy Amy M, Maley Carlo C, Schiffman Joshua D
Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Evol Med Public Health. 2024 Aug 19;12(1):122-128. doi: 10.1093/emph/eoae016. eCollection 2024.
Cancer develops across nearly every species. However, cancer occurs at unexpected and widely different rates throughout the animal kingdom. The reason for this variation in cancer susceptibility remains an area of intense investigation. Cancer evolves in part through the accumulation of mutations, and therefore, we hypothesized that germline mutation rates would be associated with cancer prevalence and mortality across species.
We collected previously published data on germline mutation rate and cancer mortality data for 37 vertebrate species.
Germline mutation rate was positively correlated with cancer mortality (P-value = 0.0008; R2 = 0.13). Controlling for species' average parental age, maximum longevity, adult body mass or domestication did not improve the model fit (the change (Δ) in Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was less than 2). However, this model fit was better than a model controlling for species trophic level (ΔAIC > 2).
The increased death rate from cancer in animals with increased germline mutation rates may suggest underlying hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes similar to those diagnosed in human patients. Species with higher germline mutation rates may benefit from close monitoring for tumors due to increased genetic risk for cancer development. Early diagnoses of cancer in these species may increase their chances of overall survival, especially for threatened and endangered species.
几乎每个物种都会发生癌症。然而，在整个动物界，癌症的发生几率出乎意料且差异很大。这种癌症易感性差异的原因仍是一个深入研究的领域。癌症部分是通过突变的积累而演变的，因此，我们假设种系突变率与物种间的癌症患病率和死亡率相关。
我们收集了先前发表的37种脊椎动物的种系突变率数据和癌症死亡率数据。
种系突变率与癌症死亡率呈正相关（P值 = 0.0008；R² = 0.13）。控制物种的平均亲本年龄、最大寿命、成年体重或驯化程度并不能改善模型拟合度（赤池信息准则（AIC）的变化（Δ）小于2）。然而，该模型拟合度优于控制物种营养级的模型（ΔAIC > 2）。
种系突变率增加的动物中癌症死亡率的上升可能表明存在与人类患者中诊断出的类似的潜在遗传性癌症易感性综合征。种系突变率较高的物种可能因癌症发生的遗传风险增加而受益于对肿瘤的密切监测。在这些物种中早期诊断癌症可能会增加它们的总体生存机会，特别是对于受威胁和濒危物种。
