School of Social Research, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
Center for Sociological Theory and Methodology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 21;12:1422246. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1422246. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND: Understand the current situation of social activities among older adults and its impact on mental health, providing policy basis and intervention measures to improve the mental health of the older adult.
METHOD: Collect relevant data from 8,181 older adults aged ≥ 60 years old from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), constructing an analysis framework for social activities of older adults in China from three aspects: participation in social activities, number of social activities, frequency of social activities, and describe them, then analyzing the impact of social activities on their mental health using OLS and 2SLS regression models. This study also discusses the impact of eight social activities on the mental health of older adult people through subgroup.
RESULT: Among 8,181 older adults aged 60 and above, 3,808 participated in social activities (56.24%), average number of social activities is 0.71, and average frequency of social activities is 1.31 times. The average score of mental health level measured by CES-D is 15.24 points. Participate in social activities can reduce the depression level of the older adult (β = -0.352, 95%CI: -0.547-0.158); the more social activities the older adult participate in, the lower the depression level of the older adult (β = -0.214, 95%CI: -0.313-0.115); the higher the frequency of participating in social activities, the lower the depression level of the older adult (β = -0.133, 95%CI: -0.182~-0.083). In summary, social activities can improve the mental health level of the older adults in China. As for different types of social activities, visiting and socializing with friends, participating in club organization activities, playing mahjong, chess, cards, or going to community activity rooms and attending school or training courses can improve the mental health of the older adult.
DISCUSSION: The social activities in three dimensions among older adults in China need to be further improved, and participating in social activities can help improve their mental health. The conclusion provides important policy implications for encouraging and supporting older adults to participate in various social activities, increasing the number and frequency of older adult social activities, then help improving the mental health level of older adults.
背景：了解老年人社会活动的现状及其对心理健康的影响，为改善老年人心理健康提供政策依据和干预措施。
方法：从参与社会活动、参与社会活动次数、参与社会活动频率三个方面构建中国老年人社会活动分析框架，从中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）中收集 8181 名 60 岁及以上老年人的相关数据，描述其社会活动情况，采用 OLS 和 2SLS 回归模型分析社会活动对其心理健康的影响。本研究还通过亚组讨论了 8 种社会活动对老年人心理健康的影响。
结果：在 8181 名 60 岁及以上老年人中，有 3808 人（56.24%）参与了社会活动，平均参与社会活动次数为 0.71 次，平均参与社会活动频率为 1.31 次。用 CES-D 测量的心理健康水平平均得分为 15.24 分。参与社会活动可以降低老年人的抑郁水平（β=-0.352，95%CI：-0.547-0.158）；老年人参与社会活动越多，抑郁水平越低（β=-0.214，95%CI：-0.313-0.115）；参与社会活动的频率越高，老年人的抑郁水平越低（β=-0.133，95%CI：-0.182~-0.083）。综上所述，社会活动可以提高中国老年人的心理健康水平。对于不同类型的社会活动，与朋友交往、参加俱乐部组织活动、打麻将、下棋、打牌、去社区活动室、参加学校或培训班等活动可以改善老年人的心理健康。
讨论：中国老年人在三个维度上的社会活动有待进一步提高，参与社会活动有助于改善他们的心理健康。这一结论为鼓励和支持老年人参与各种社会活动，增加老年人社会活动的数量和频率，从而提高老年人的心理健康水平提供了重要的政策启示。
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