Jones Destyn, Moran Sabrina, Sanchez Jaime, Latham Amber, Vu Kim-Phuong L
Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) Program, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90815, USA.
Center for Usability in Design and Accessibility (CUDA), California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90815, USA.
Hum Interface Manag Inf Vis Inf Knowl Manag (2019). 2019 Jul;11569:22-33. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-22660-2_2. Epub 2019 Jun 28.
Pharmaceutical pictograms are figures that provide a visual representation of medication instructions and warnings. Pictograms were created in order to lower the continuously rising problem of poor medication adherence due to patients misunderstanding what is being instructed on medication labels. Research on pictograms show that their use could increase patients' comprehension of medication instructions, but the comprehension rates are still low. Researchers have argued that in order to improve the effectiveness of pictograms, they must be more concrete, simple, meaningful, and familiar. Pictures have these properties. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine if the use of pictures (i.e., real images) provide a better representation of what is being instructed to users on medication labels than pictograms. We hypothesized that real images would lead to a better understanding of the instructions and warnings for taking medication, and in turn, users would have higher comprehension levels. Participants completed an online survey evaluating the meaning of either pictograms or pictures. Both quantitative and qualitative data analyses were conducted on free responses to the questions and on users' ratings of the "goodness" of the stimuli. The results showed that participants were moderately accurate (74%) in their interpretation of pictograms, and the use of pictures did not improve their comprehension.
药品象形图是对用药说明和警示进行可视化呈现的图形。之所以创建象形图，是为了降低因患者误解药品标签上的说明而导致用药依从性不断上升的问题。关于象形图的研究表明，其使用能够提高患者对用药说明的理解，但理解率仍然较低。研究人员认为，为了提高象形图的有效性，它们必须更加具体、简单、有意义且为人所熟知。图片具备这些特性。因此，本研究的目的是检验使用图片（即真实图像）是否比象形图能更好地向用户呈现药品标签上的说明内容。我们假设真实图像会使人们对用药说明和警示有更好的理解，进而用户会有更高的理解水平。参与者完成了一项在线调查，评估象形图或图片的含义。对问题的自由回答以及用户对刺激物“良好程度”的评分进行了定量和定性数据分析。结果显示，参与者对象形图的解读准确率为中等水平（74%），且使用图片并未提高他们的理解程度。
