College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637002, China.
Analyst. 2024 Oct 7;149(20):5110-5117. doi: 10.1039/d4an00719k.
Detecting multiple targets in complex cellular and biological environments yields more reliable results than single-label assays. Here, we introduced an electrochemical biosensor equipped with computing functions, acting as a smart automaton to enable computing-based detection. By defining the logic combinations of miR-21 and miR-122 as detection patterns, we proposed the corresponding AND and OR detection automata. In both logic gate modes, miR-21 and miR-122 could be replaced with single-stranded F or F, modified with Fc, binding to the S chain on the electrode surface. This process led to a significant decrease in the square wave voltammetry (SWV) of Fc on the same sensing platform, as numerous ferrocene (Fc)-tagged DNA fragments escaped from the electrode surface. Experimental results indicated that both automata efficiently and sensitively detected the presence of the two targets. This strategy highlighted how a small amount of target could generate a large current signal decrease in the logic automata, significantly reducing the detection limit for monitoring low-abundance targets. Moreover, the short-stranded DNA components of the detection automata exhibited a simple composition and easy programmability of probe sequences, offering an innovative detection mode. This simplified the complex process of detection, data collection, computation, and evaluation. The direct detection result ("0" or "1") was exported according to the embedded computation code. This approach could be expanded into a detection system for identifying other sets of biomarkers, enhancing its potential for clinical applications.
在复杂的细胞和生物环境中检测多个目标比单标签检测产生更可靠的结果。在这里，我们引入了一种配备计算功能的电化学生物传感器，充当智能自动机以实现基于计算的检测。通过将 miR-21 和 miR-122 的逻辑组合定义为检测模式，我们提出了相应的 AND 和 OR 检测自动机。在这两种逻辑门模式下，miR-21 和 miR-122 可以被单链 F 或 F 取代，并用 Fc 修饰，与电极表面上的 S 链结合。这一过程导致同一传感平台上 Fc 的方波伏安法（SWV）显著降低，因为大量带有 Fc 的 DNA 片段从电极表面逃脱。实验结果表明，两种自动机都能高效灵敏地检测到两个目标的存在。该策略突出了少量目标如何在逻辑自动机中产生大的电流信号减少，显著降低了监测低丰度目标的检测限。此外，检测自动机的短链 DNA 组件具有探针序列的简单组成和易于编程性，提供了一种创新的检测模式。这简化了检测、数据收集、计算和评估的复杂过程。根据嵌入式计算代码直接输出检测结果（“0”或“1”）。这种方法可以扩展到用于识别其他组生物标志物的检测系统，增强其在临床应用中的潜力。
