Mohammed Ahmed A, Tannous Joy H
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, PO box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Chem Rec. 2024 Oct;24(10):e202400092. doi: 10.1002/tcr.202400092. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
Unlike fossil fuels, biomass has oxygen amounts exceeding 10 wt%. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a crucial step in upgrading biomass to higher heating value liquid fuels. Oxygen removal has many challenges due to the complex chemistry and the high reactivity leading to irreversible catalyst deactivation. In this study, the focus is on the catalytic HDO of aromatic oxygen-containing model compounds in biomass: phenols and cresols. In the current work, literature on catalytic HDO of phenols using molecular hydrogen is reviewed, with a focus on non-nickel-based mono- and bi-metallic catalysts, as nickel-based catalysts were reviewed elsewhere. In addition, the catalytic HDO of m-cresol using molecular hydrogen is examined. This review also addresses the use of hydrogen donors for the HDO of phenols and cresols. The operating conditions, catalysts, products, and yields are summarized to find the catalyst with promising activity and high selectivity toward aromatics. A critical review of the reactions that successfully led to HDO is presented and research gaps related to the HDO of phenols and cresols are highlighted. The conclusions provide potential successful catalyst combinations that can be used for HDO of phenols, cresols, and liquid aromatic hydrocarbons.
与化石燃料不同，生物质的含氧量超过10 wt%。加氢脱氧（HDO）是将生物质升级为高热值液体燃料的关键步骤。由于化学过程复杂且反应活性高，会导致催化剂不可逆失活，因此脱氧面临诸多挑战。在本研究中，重点是生物质中含芳香族氧的模型化合物（苯酚和甲酚）的催化HDO。在当前工作中，对使用分子氢进行苯酚催化HDO的文献进行了综述，重点关注非镍基单金属和双金属催化剂，因为镍基催化剂的综述已在其他地方发表。此外，还研究了使用分子氢对间甲酚进行催化HDO。本综述还讨论了用于苯酚和甲酚HDO的氢供体的使用情况。总结了操作条件、催化剂、产物和产率，以找到对芳烃具有良好活性和高选择性的催化剂。对成功实现HDO的反应进行了批判性综述，并强调了与苯酚和甲酚HDO相关的研究空白。结论提供了可用于苯酚、甲酚和液态芳烃HDO的潜在成功催化剂组合。
