College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Anhui, 243031, China.
Int J Biometeorol. 2024 Dec;68(12):2579-2595. doi: 10.1007/s00484-024-02770-x. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
Understanding the influence of climatic factors on vegetation dynamics and cumulative effects is critical for global sustainable development. However, the response of vegetation to climate and the underlying mechanisms in different climatic zones remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the response of vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP) to climatic factors and the cumulative effects across various vegetation types and climatic zones, utilizing data on precipitation (P), temperature (T), and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The results showed that: (1) GPP showed significant differences among the seven climatic zones, with the highest value observed in zone VII, reaching 1860.07 gC·m, and the lowest in zone I, at 126.03 gC·m. (2) GPP was significantly and positively correlated with temperature in climatic zones I, IV, V, and VI and with precipitation in climatic zones I, II, and IV. Additionally, a significant positive correlated was found between SPEI and GPP in climatic zones I, II, and IV. (3) Drought exerted a cumulative effect on GPP in 45.10% of the regions within China, with an average cumulative duration of 5 months. These effects persisted for 6-8 months in zones I, II, and VII, and for 2-4 months in zones III, IV and VI. Among different vegetation types, forests experienced longest cumulative effect time of 6 months, followed by grasslands (5 months), croplands (4 months), and shrublands (4 months). The cumulative time scale decreased with increasing annual SPEI. The varying responses and accumulation of GPP to drought among different vegetation types in various climatic zones underscore the complexity of vegetation-climate interactions the response and accumulation of GPP to drought.
理解气候因素对植被动态和累积效应的影响对于全球可持续发展至关重要。然而，植被对气候的响应以及不同气候带的潜在机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们利用降水（P）、温度（T）和标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）的数据，分析了不同植被类型和气候带的植被总初级生产力（GPP）对气候因子的响应及其累积效应。结果表明：（1）7 个气候带的 GPP 存在显著差异，其中第 VII 气候带最高，达到 1860.07 gC·m，第 I 气候带最低，为 126.03 gC·m。（2）GPP 与气候带 I、IV、V 和 VI 的温度呈显著正相关，与气候带 I、II 和 IV 的降水呈显著正相关。此外，气候带 I、II 和 IV 的 SPEI 与 GPP 之间存在显著正相关。（3）干旱对中国 45.10%地区的 GPP 产生了累积效应，平均累积持续时间为 5 个月。这些影响在 I、II 和 VII 区持续了 6-8 个月，在 III、IV 和 VI 区持续了 2-4 个月。在不同的植被类型中，森林经历了最长的 6 个月累积效应时间，其次是草地（5 个月）、耕地（4 个月）和灌丛（4 个月）。累积时间尺度随年 SPEI 的增加而减小。不同植被类型在不同气候带对干旱的响应和累积 GPP 的差异突显了植被-气候相互作用的复杂性。
