Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
Nutrition. 2024 Nov;127:112550. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112550. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition variability assessed by bioimpedance in relation to nutritional status assessed by anthropometry in children and adolescents living in countries characterized by contrasting nutritional conditions.
The sample was comprised of 8614 children (4245 males; 4369 females), aged 3 to 19 years, from Nepal (477 children), Uganda (488 children and adolescents), UK (297 children and adolescents) and US (7352 children and adolescents). Height-for-age (HAZ) and body mass index-for-age (BAZ) z-scores were calculated according to WHO growth references. Specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) was used to evaluate body composition variability. In each population sample, the relationship of HAZ and BAZ with bioelectrical outcomes was analysed by confidence ellipses and cubic spline regression, controlling for sex and age.
The participants from Uganda and Nepal were more affected by undernutrition, and those from the US and UK by obesity. In all groups, phase angle and specific vector length were weakly associated with HAZ, with null or opposite relationships in the different samples, whereas they were positively associated with BAZ. The stronger association was between vector length, indicative of the relative content of fat mass, and BAZ in the UK and US samples. Confidence ellipses showed that the relationships are more strongly related to phase angle in Nepalese and Ugandan samples.
Bioelectrical values were more strongly associated with BAZ than HAZ values in all population samples. Variability was more related to markers of muscle mass in Ugandan and Nepalese samples and to indicators of fat mass in UK and US samples. Specific BIVA can give information on the variability of body composition in malnourished individuals.
本研究旨在评估身体成分的变异性，方法是使用生物阻抗法，评估生活在营养状况差异较大的国家的儿童和青少年的营养状况，通过人体测量法进行评估。
该样本由来自尼泊尔（477 名儿童）、乌干达（488 名儿童和青少年）、英国（297 名儿童和青少年）和美国（7352 名儿童和青少年）的 8614 名 3 至 19 岁的儿童组成。身高年龄（HAZ）和体重年龄（BAZ）z 分数根据世界卫生组织的生长标准计算。使用特定的生物电阻抗向量分析（BIVA）评估身体成分的变异性。在每个人群样本中，通过置信椭圆和三次样条回归分析，控制性别和年龄，分析 HAZ 和 BAZ 与生物电阻抗结果的关系。
乌干达和尼泊尔的参与者受营养不良的影响更大，而美国和英国的参与者受肥胖的影响更大。在所有组中，相位角和特定向量长度与 HAZ 呈弱相关，在不同的样本中呈零相关或相反的关系，而与 BAZ 呈正相关。在英国和美国样本中，向量长度与 BAZ 的相关性更强，向量长度指示脂肪质量的相对含量。置信椭圆显示，在尼泊尔和乌干达样本中，这些关系与相位角的相关性更强。
在所有人群样本中，生物电阻抗值与 BAZ 的相关性强于 HAZ 值。变异性与乌干达和尼泊尔样本中肌肉质量的标志物更相关，与英国和美国样本中脂肪质量的指标更相关。特定的 BIVA 可以提供有关营养不良个体身体成分变异性的信息。
