Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024 Sep 5;25(7):207. doi: 10.1208/s12249-024-02923-6.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive impairment, brain plaques, and tangles, is a global health concern affecting millions. It involves the build-up of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins, the formation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic system dysfunction, genetic variations, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Various signaling pathways and metabolic processes are implicated in AD, along with numerous biomarkers used for diagnosis, risk assessment, and research. Despite these, there is no cure or effective treatment for AD. It is critically important to address this immediately to develop novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) capable of targeting the brain and delivering therapeutic agents to modulate the pathological processes of AD. This review summarizes AD, its pathogenesis, related signaling pathways, biomarkers, conventional treatments, the need for NDDS, and their application in AD treatment. It also covers preclinical, clinical, and ongoing trials, patents, and marketed AD formulations.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）以认知障碍、脑斑块和缠结为特征，是一个影响数百万人的全球健康问题。它涉及淀粉样蛋白-β（Aβ）和tau 蛋白的积累、神经原纤维缠结和神经纤维缠结的形成、胆碱能系统功能障碍、遗传变异和线粒体功能障碍。AD 涉及多种信号通路和代谢过程，以及用于诊断、风险评估和研究的众多生物标志物。尽管如此，AD 仍然没有治愈或有效的治疗方法。立即解决这个问题至关重要，以开发能够靶向大脑并输送治疗剂以调节 AD 病理过程的新型药物输送系统（NDDS）。这篇综述总结了 AD 的发病机制、相关信号通路、生物标志物、常规治疗方法、NDDS 的需求及其在 AD 治疗中的应用。它还涵盖了临床前、临床和正在进行的试验、专利和已上市的 AD 制剂。
