Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Centre for Research in Waste Management, Institute of Research Management and Monitoring, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Sep 6;46(10):416. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02198-7.
Waste engine oils are hazardous waste oils originating from the transportation sector and industrial heavy-duty machinery operations. Improper handling, disposal, and miscellaneous misuses cause significant air, soil, sediments, surface water, and groundwater pollution. Occupational exposure by prolonged and repeated contact poses direct or indirect health risks, resulting in short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic) toxicities. Soil pollution causes geotoxicity by disrupting the biocenosis and physicochemical properties of the soil, and phytotoxicity by impairing plant growth, physiology and metabolism. Surface water pollution impacts aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. Air pollution from incineration causes the release of greenhouse gases creating global warming, noxious gases and particulate matter eliciting pulmonary disorders. The toxicity of waste engine oil is due to the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) composition, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners, organometallic compounds, and toxic chemical additives. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ecotoxicological effects, human and animal health toxicology and exposure to waste engine oils. It highlights the properties and functions of engine oil and describes waste engine oil generation, disposal and recycling. It provides intensive evaluations and descriptions of the toxicokinetics, metabolism, routes of exposure and toxicosis in human and animal studies based on toxicological, epidemiological and experimental studies. It emphasises the preventive measures in occupational exposure and recommends risk-based remediation techniques to mitigate environmental pollution. The review will assist in understanding the potential risks of waste engine oil with significant consideration of the public health benefits and importance.
废机油是源自交通运输部门和工业重型机械作业的危险废油。处理、处置不当以及各种误用会造成严重的空气、土壤、沉积物、地表水和地下水污染。职业接触者若长时间反复接触，会直接或间接导致健康风险，引发短期（急性）或长期（慢性）毒性。土壤污染通过破坏土壤的生物群落和理化性质造成地质毒性，通过损害植物生长、生理和新陈代谢造成植物毒性。地表水的污染会影响水生态系统和生物多样性。焚烧产生的空气污染会释放温室气体，造成全球变暖，释放有毒气体和颗粒物，引发肺部疾病。废机油的毒性源于其总石油烃（TPH）成分，包括多环芳烃（PAHs）、苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯（BTEX）、多氯联苯（PCBs）同系物、有机金属化合物和有毒化学添加剂。本文旨在全面概述废机油的生态毒理学效应、人类和动物健康毒理学以及接触情况。文中强调了发动机油的特性和功能，描述了废机油的产生、处置和回收。文中还根据毒理学、流行病学和实验研究，深入评估和描述了人类和动物研究中的毒物动力学、代谢、暴露途径和中毒情况。文中强调了职业接触中的预防措施，并推荐了基于风险的修复技术，以减轻环境污染。该综述将有助于理解废机油的潜在风险，同时充分考虑其对公共健康的益处和重要性。
