School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo, Japan.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 6;19(9):e0309998. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309998. eCollection 2024.
The subjective feeling of being the author of one's actions and the subsequent consequences is referred to as a sense of agency. Such a feeling is crucial for usability in human-computer interactions, where eye movement has been adopted, yet this area has been scarcely investigated. We examined how the temporal action-feedback discrepancy affects the sense of agency concerning eye movement. Participants conducted a visual search for an array of nine Chinese characters within a temporally-delayed gaze-contingent display, blurring the peripheral view. The relative delay between each eye movement and the subsequent window movement varied from 0 to 4,000 ms. In the control condition, the window played a recorded gaze behavior. The mean authorship rating and the proportion of "self" responses in the categorical authorship report ("self," "delayed self," and "other") gradually decreased as the temporal discrepancy increased, with "other" being rarely reported, except in the control condition. These results generally mirror those of prior studies on hand actions, suggesting that sense of agency extends beyond the effector body parts to other modalities, and two different types of sense of agency that have different temporal characteristics are simultaneously operating. The mode of fixation duration shifted as the delay increased under 200-ms delays and was divided into two modes at 200-500 ms delays. The frequency of 0-1.5° saccades exhibited an increasing trend as the delay increased. These results demonstrate the influence of perceived action-effect discrepancy on action refinement and task strategy.
作为自身行为及其后续后果的作者的主观感受被称为主体感。这种感觉对于人机交互中的可用性至关重要,在人机交互中已经采用了眼动,但这个领域几乎没有被研究过。我们研究了时间动作反馈差异如何影响眼动的主体感。参与者在一个时滞的注视相关显示中搜索九个汉字的数组,模糊了外围视野。每个眼动和随后的窗口移动之间的相对延迟从 0 到 4000 毫秒不等。在对照条件下,窗口播放记录的注视行为。随着时间差异的增加,主体感评分和类别主体报告中的“自我”反应比例(“自我”、“延迟自我”和“其他”)逐渐降低,除了对照条件外,很少报告“其他”。这些结果总体上与先前关于手部动作的研究结果相似,表明主体感不仅延伸到效应器身体部位,还延伸到其他模态,并且同时操作两种具有不同时间特征的不同类型的主体感。在 200 毫秒以下的延迟下,随着延迟的增加,注视持续时间的模式发生了变化,而在 200-500 毫秒的延迟下,模式分为两种。随着延迟的增加,0-1.5°扫视的频率呈上升趋势。这些结果表明感知动作效果差异对动作细化和任务策略的影响。