Research Center for Wildlife Management, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Research Center for Wildlife Management, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Gifu Wildlife Management Promotion Center, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
Prev Vet Med. 2024 Nov;232:106318. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106318. Epub 2024 Aug 27.
Infectious diseases in livestock not only cause significant economic losses but also affect food security. Although wildlife may be involved in these infectious diseases by serving as reservoirs, research has primarily focused on livestock and related species. Moreover, while these species represent a potential threat in wildlife-borne infectious diseases, comprehensive surveys of the presence of various species are limited. In this study, we aimed to quantitatively investigate the occurrence of various mammals and birds at three pig farms in Japan. We conducted camera trap surveys from October 15, 2020, to March 24, 2022, and determined the relative abundance index inside and outside the sanitary control zone. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) were photographed only outside the sanitary control zone. In contrast, small and medium-sized mammals, such as feral cats (Felis catus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and rodent species (Muridae), and birds, such as the rufous oriental turtle dove (Streptopelia orientalis) and crows of the genus Corvus, were photographed both inside and outside the sanitary control zone. This comprehensive quantitative evidence suggests that various mammals and birds may be in indirect contact with livestock, highlighting the need to improve biosecurity at livestock farms. Moreover, while fences are effective against large mammals, they are inefficient against small to medium-sized mammals and birds. Therefore, the results of this study provide important insights into enhancing biosecurity on livestock farms by strengthening physical fencing, disinfecting clothing and equipment, and complying with standards of hygiene management.
家畜传染病不仅造成重大经济损失，还影响食品安全。尽管野生动物可能作为这些传染病的宿主，但研究主要集中在家畜和相关物种上。此外，虽然这些物种在野生动物传播的传染病中构成潜在威胁，但对各种物种存在情况的综合调查有限。在本研究中，我们旨在定量调查日本三个养猪场的各种哺乳动物和鸟类的出现情况。我们从 2020 年 10 月 15 日至 2022 年 3 月 24 日进行了相机陷阱调查，并确定了卫生控制区内外的相对丰度指数。野猪（Sus scrofa）、梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）和日本青羊（Capricornis crispus）仅在卫生控制区外被拍摄到。相比之下，中小型哺乳动物，如野猫（Felis catus）、浣熊（Procyon lotor）和鼠科物种（Muridae）以及鸟类，如红脚隼鸽（Streptopelia orientalis）和乌鸦属（Corvus），在卫生控制区内外都被拍摄到。这种全面的定量证据表明，各种哺乳动物和鸟类可能与家畜间接接触，这凸显了需要改善家畜农场的生物安全措施。此外，虽然围栏对大型哺乳动物有效，但对中小型哺乳动物和鸟类无效。因此，本研究的结果为加强家畜农场的生物安全提供了重要的见解，方法是加强物理围栏、对衣物和设备进行消毒以及遵守卫生管理标准。
