Reactive capacity: a sensitive behavioral marker of movement initiation and nigrostriatal dopamine function.

Thirty-two Long Evans male rats with sham operations or unilateral 6-OHDA-induced damage to meso-telencephalic dopaminergic neurons were evaluated on a reactive capacity task that demanded high speed movement initiation. The task required lever manipulation to avoid signalled shock. The interval between the warning and the shock was incrementally reduced. A one-sleeved vest provided the opportunity to measure movement initiation of each limb independently. Extent of lesion was assessed by [3H]DA uptake, [3H]spiroperidol binding, or DA levels. Movement initiation latencies for each forelimb were found to be linearly related to interhemispheric striatal DA asymmetry induced by microinjections of 6-OHDA. Even those lesions resulting in small to moderate decreases in DA function, including deficits causing no chronic posture or sensory asymmetries, resulted in reactive capacity deficits and greatly slowed reaction time in the paw contralateral to the lesion. Following severe lesions, small yet substantial deficits were also seen in ipsilateral paw performance, which may be related to DA depletions found in the non-lesioned striatum. Thus, a reactive capacity task which requires the animal to react with maximal speed appears to be a potentially good index of nigrostriatal dopamine integrity even when the depletion is not severe.