Special Agricultural Resources in Tuojiang River Basin Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province, Analysis and Testing Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641112, Sichuan, China.
The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2024 Nov;216:109097. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109097. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic elements to all organisms. Glutathione (GSH)-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway is considered an extremely important mechanism in Cd detoxification in plants. However, few studies have focused on the roles of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GSH1) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS1) in Cd accumulation and detoxification in plants. In this study, SpGSH1 and SpPCS1 were identified and cloned from Spirodela polyrhiza and analyzed their functions in yeast and S. polyrhiza via single- or dual-gene (SpGP1) overexpression. The findings of this study showed that SpGSH1, SpPCS1, and SpGP1 could dramatically rescue the growth of the yeast mutant Δycf1. In S. polyrhiza, SpGSH1 was located in the cytoplasm and could promote Mn and Ca accumulation. SpPCS1 was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, mainly expressed in meristem regions, and promoted Cd, Fe, Mn, and Ca accumulation. SpGSH1 and SpPCS1 co-overexpression increased the Cd, Mn, and Ca contents. Based on the growth data of S. polyrhiza, it was recommended that biomass as the preferable indicator for assessing plant tolerance to Cd stress compared to frond number in duckweeds. Collectively, this study for the first time systematically elaborated the function of SpGSH1 and SpPCS1 for Cd detoxification in S. polyrhiza.
镉（Cd）是所有生物体最具毒性的元素之一。谷胱甘肽（GSH）依赖的植物螯合肽（PC）合成途径被认为是植物中 Cd 解毒的极其重要的机制。然而，很少有研究关注谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶（GSH1）和植物螯合肽合酶（PCS1）在植物 Cd 积累和解毒中的作用。在这项研究中，从浮萍中鉴定并克隆了 SpGSH1 和 SpPCS1，并通过单基因或双基因（SpGP1）过表达在酵母和浮萍中分析了它们的功能。本研究结果表明，SpGSH1、SpPCS1 和 SpGP1 可以显著挽救酵母突变体 Δycf1 的生长。在浮萍中，SpGSH1 位于细胞质中，可以促进 Mn 和 Ca 积累。SpPCS1 位于细胞质和细胞核中，主要在分生区域表达，促进 Cd、Fe、Mn 和 Ca 积累。SpGSH1 和 SpPCS1 的共过表达增加了 Cd、Mn 和 Ca 的含量。基于浮萍的生长数据，建议将生物量作为评估植物对 Cd 胁迫耐受性的首选指标，而不是浮萍叶片数量。总的来说，这项研究首次系统地阐述了 SpGSH1 和 SpPCS1 在浮萍 Cd 解毒中的功能。
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