Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Exp Dermatol. 2024 Sep;33(9):e15173. doi: 10.1111/exd.15173.
In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between the serum cytokine levels of patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and the Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI), along with the presence of anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 1 antibody, anti-Dsg3 antibody and co-infection among patients with pemphigus vulgaris. This retrospective study included 62 PV patients and 59 healthy individuals who attended the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from November 2014 to November 2022. The serum concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were assessed using the Luminex 200 System (a high-throughput cytokine detection method). Additionally, anti-Dsg1 and anti-Dsg3 antibodies were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while disease severity was evaluated using the PDAI scoring system. The PV group exhibited elevated levels of Th1 cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-1RA, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12p70, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-18, IFN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) and Th17/Th22-related cytokines (IL-17A, IL-22) compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.05). Conversely, the levels of chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α), interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), Regulated on Activation in Normal T-Cell Expressed And Secreted (RANTES), growth-regulated on-gene-alpha (GRO-α), MIP-1β) and Th2 (IL-31) were lower in the PV group compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in other cytokines and chemokines (p > 0.05). Additionally, IL-7, IFN-γ, IL-18 and GRO-α showed positive correlations with PDAI, IL-6 correlated positively with anti-Dsg3 antibody levels, and IL-12p70, IL-18, and IFN-γ correlated positively with anti-Dsg1 antibody levels. Furthermore, IL-15 exhibited a positive association with skin infections. PV patients have elevated levels of various cytokines and chemokines, and there are different degrees of elevation in cytokines and chemokines associated with the activation of various T cell subsets. PDAI and the Dsg1 antibody levels are mainly related to the Th1-related cytokines.
在这项研究中，我们旨在研究寻常型天疱疮（PV）患者的血清细胞因子水平与天疱疮疾病面积指数（PDAI）之间的关系，以及寻常型天疱疮患者中抗桥粒芯糖蛋白 1（Dsg）1 抗体、抗 Dsg3 抗体和合并感染的存在情况。这项回顾性研究纳入了 2014 年 11 月至 2022 年 11 月期间在昆明医科大学第二附属医院就诊的 62 例 PV 患者和 59 名健康对照者。采用 Luminex 200 系统（一种高通量细胞因子检测方法）评估细胞因子和趋化因子的血清浓度。此外，通过酶联免疫吸附试验测定抗 Dsg1 和抗 Dsg3 抗体，采用 PDAI 评分系统评估疾病严重程度。与健康对照组相比，PV 组的 Th1 细胞因子（如白细胞介素（IL）-1RA、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-12p70、GM-CSF、TNF-α、IL-18、IFN-γ）、Th2 细胞因子（IL-5、IL-10、IL-13）和 Th17/Th22 相关细胞因子（IL-17A、IL-22）水平升高（p<0.05）。相反，PV 组趋化因子（巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α（MIP-1α）、基质细胞衍生因子-1α（SDF-1α）、干扰素诱导蛋白-10（IP-10）、调节激活正常 T 细胞表达和分泌（RANTES）、生长调节基因-α（GRO-α）、MIP-1β）和 Th2 细胞因子（IL-31）水平低于健康对照组（p<0.05）。其他细胞因子和趋化因子无显著差异（p>0.05）。此外，IL-7、IFN-γ、IL-18 和 GRO-α与 PDAI 呈正相关，IL-6 与抗 Dsg3 抗体水平呈正相关，而 IL-12p70、IL-18 和 IFN-γ 与抗 Dsg1 抗体水平呈正相关。此外，IL-15 与皮肤感染呈正相关。PV 患者存在多种细胞因子和趋化因子水平升高，与各种 T 细胞亚群激活相关的细胞因子和趋化因子有不同程度的升高。PDAI 和 Dsg1 抗体水平主要与 Th1 相关细胞因子相关。
