Kanyike Andrew Marvin, Nakawuki Ashley Winfred, Akech Gabriel Madut, Kihumuro Raymond Bernard, Kintu Timothy Mwanje, Nalunkuma Racheal, Nakandi Rachael Mukisa, Mugabi Joshua, Twijukye Nicholas, Bwayo Denis, Katuramu Richard
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.
Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2024 Sep 2;16:325-335. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S477809. eCollection 2024.
Despite advancements in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) face increasing risks of HTN, leading to significant morbidity and premature mortality, undermining the hard-earned gains of fighting HIV. The prevalence of hypertension among HIV patients and associated risk factors has not been extensively studied in the rural parts of Uganda.
We assessed the prevalence, awareness, and factors associated with hypertension among PLHIV at two health facilities in Eastern Uganda.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital and Bugobero Health Center IV HIV clinics from May to July 2023. We recruited patients with HIV above the age of 18 years and willing to consent. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed. A value <0.2 in the bivariate analysis was transferred to the multivariable logistic regression model. A value < 0.05 was statistically significant.
The study surveyed 400 PLHIV with a mean age of 46.5 (SD: 12.4) years; most were female (n=261, 65.3%). Hypertension prevalence was at 37.5%, with 20.5% in stage 2 and 68% ((n=102) of hypertensive participants were unaware. Hypertension was associated with age ≥50 years (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.33-3.37, p = 0.002), a suppressed viral load (aOR: 3.71, 95% CI: 1.02-5.13, p = 0.046) and BMI ≥25 Kg/m (aOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.01-2.66, p = 0.044).
Hypertension is a significant burden among PLHIV in Eastern Uganda, influenced by HIV and lifestyle-related risk factors. Improved screening and diagnosis are needed with close monitoring for patients with viral load suppression due to the possible negative effects of ART on blood pressure.
尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）取得了进展，但感染艾滋病毒的人（PLHIV）面临着越来越高的高血压风险，导致严重的发病率和过早死亡，削弱了抗击艾滋病毒来之不易的成果。乌干达农村地区艾滋病毒患者中高血压的患病率及相关风险因素尚未得到广泛研究。
我们评估了乌干达东部两家医疗机构中PLHIV的高血压患病率、知晓率及相关因素。
2023年5月至7月，在姆巴莱地区转诊医院和布戈贝罗四级保健中心艾滋病毒诊所进行了一项横断面研究。我们招募了年龄在18岁以上且愿意同意参与的艾滋病毒患者。使用从世界卫生组织非传染性疾病风险因素监测逐步方法（STEPS）和艾滋病临床试验组改编而来的结构化问卷对参与者进行访谈。进行人体测量和血压测量。进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析。双变量分析中p值<0.2的因素被纳入多变量逻辑回归模型。p值<0.05具有统计学意义。
该研究调查了400名PLHIV，平均年龄为46.5（标准差：12.4）岁；大多数为女性（n = 261，65.3%）。高血压患病率为37.5%，其中20.5%为2期高血压，68%（n = 102）的高血压参与者未意识到自己患病。高血压与年龄≥50岁（调整后比值比：2.11，95%置信区间：1.33 - 3.37，p = 0.002）、病毒载量被抑制（调整后比值比：3.71，95%置信区间：1.02 - 5.13，p = 0.046）以及体重指数≥25 Kg/m²（调整后比值比：1.64，95%置信区间：1.01 - 2.66，p = 0.044）相关。
在乌干达东部，高血压是PLHIV的一项重大负担，受艾滋病毒和生活方式相关风险因素影响。由于抗逆转录病毒疗法可能对血压产生负面影响，因此需要对病毒载量被抑制的患者进行密切监测，改进筛查和诊断。
