Iqbal Javed, Zafar Zaitoon, Skandalakis Georgios, Kuruba Venkataramana, Madan Shreya, Kazim Syed Faraz, A Bowers Christian
Department of Neurosurgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.
Surg Neurol Int. 2024 Aug 23;15:297. doi: 10.25259/SNI_460_2024. eCollection 2024.
The emerging use of three-dimensional printing (3DP) offers improved surgical planning and personalized care. The use of 3DP technology in spinal surgery has several common applications, including models for preoperative planning, biomodels, surgical guides, implants, and teaching tools.
A literature review was conducted to examine the current use of 3DP technology in spinal surgery and identify the challenges and limitations associated with its adoption.
The review reveals that while 3DP technology offers the benefits of enhanced stability, improved surgical outcomes, and the feasibility of patient-specific solutions in spinal surgeries, several challenges remain significant impediments to widespread adoption. The obvious expected limitation is the high cost associated with implementing and maintaining a 3DP facility and creating customized patient-specific implants. Technological limitations, including the variability between medical imaging and surgical anatomy, along with the reproduction of intricate high-fidelity anatomical detail, pose additional challenges. Finally, the lack of comprehensive clinical monitoring, inadequate sample sizes, and high-quality scientific evidence all limit our understanding of the full scope of 3DP's utility in spinal surgery and preclude widespread adoption and implementation.
Despite the obvious challenges and limitations, ongoing research and development efforts are expected to address these issues, improving the accessibility and efficacy of 3DP technology in spinal surgeries. With further advancements, 3DP technology has the potential to revolutionize spinal surgery by providing personalized implants and precise surgical planning, ultimately improving patient outcomes and surgical efficiency.
三维打印（3DP）的新兴应用为手术规划和个性化医疗带来了改善。3DP技术在脊柱外科手术中的应用有几个常见方面，包括术前规划模型、生物模型、手术导板、植入物和教学工具。
进行了一项文献综述，以研究3DP技术在脊柱外科手术中的当前应用，并确定与其采用相关的挑战和限制。
该综述表明，虽然3DP技术在脊柱手术中具有增强稳定性、改善手术效果以及实现针对患者的个性化解决方案的可行性等优点，但仍有几个挑战严重阻碍了其广泛应用。明显的预期限制是建立和维护3DP设备以及制造定制的患者特异性植入物的高成本。技术限制，包括医学成像与手术解剖结构之间的差异，以及复杂高保真解剖细节的再现，带来了额外的挑战。最后，缺乏全面的临床监测、样本量不足以及高质量的科学证据，都限制了我们对3DP在脊柱手术中全部效用范围的理解，并妨碍了其广泛应用和实施。
尽管存在明显的挑战和限制，但持续的研发努力有望解决这些问题，提高3DP技术在脊柱手术中的可及性和有效性。随着进一步发展，3DP技术有潜力通过提供个性化植入物和精确的手术规划来彻底改变脊柱手术，最终改善患者预后和手术效率。
