Moiroux-Sahraoui Ayrton, Mazeas Jean, Bener Emine-Anika, Bouzekraoui Alaoui Ismail, Douryang Maurice, Forelli Florian
Sports Rehabilitation, Orthosport Center, Domont, FRA.
Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinic of Domont, Domont, FRA.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 7;16(8):e66370. doi: 10.7759/cureus.66370. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Hamstring injuries are a major problem in sports involving sprinting, such as soccer, rugby, and track and field, and lead to sports stoppages and psychological, social, and financial repercussions. For several years now, these injuries have been stagnating or even increasing. Preventing these injuries is therefore a fundamental issue for at-risk athletes. The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the hamstrings in athletes during sprinting, Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), and high-speed concentric exercise on an isokinetic dynamometer.
A pilot study was conducted on a population of 15 sprint-exposed field athletes (22.54 ± 3.71 years, Tegner score ≥ 6) with no history of hamstring injury in the last six months. The protocol included a warm-up, followed by three repetitions of the NHE, two sets of 10 repetitions on the isokinetic dynamometer at 300°/sec, and a maximal sprint. Exercises were randomized for each subject, and muscle activity was assessed using wireless EMG sensors during each test. EMG data were normalized to the measured maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and test results were statistically analyzed to determine which exercise resulted in maximal hamstring activation.
Comparison of hamstring muscle activity between exercises showed a significant difference for most of our results (p-value < 0.05). The results show significantly higher mean hamstring activity during sprinting (0.4800 ± 0.19 μV) compared with strengthening exercises. The NHE (0.3201 ± 0.09 μV) was the second most active exercise. In the last place was the high-speed concentric exercise on the isokinetic machine, which produced less activation than the other exercises (0.2487 ± 0.07 μV).
Sports involving sprinting are at risk of a hamstring injury but it appears that its use in rehabilitation and prevention of hamstring injury is relevant, as it would allow high-intensity muscle activation to prepare the hamstring for this type of loading. However, it is also fundamental to integrate strengthening exercises such as NHE in combination with sprinting in our rehabilitation. Finally, the use of the isokinetic dynamometer does not constitute a first-line choice for hamstring injury management.
腘绳肌损伤是足球、橄榄球和田径等涉及短跑运动中的一个主要问题，会导致比赛中断以及心理、社会和经济方面的影响。多年来，这类损伤一直处于停滞甚至增加的状态。因此，预防这些损伤对于有风险的运动员来说是一个基本问题。本研究的目的是比较运动员在短跑、北欧腘绳肌练习（NHE）和等速测力计上的高速向心运动过程中腘绳肌的肌电图（EMG）活动。
对15名有短跑经历的田径运动员（年龄22.54±3.71岁，Tegner评分≥6）进行了一项初步研究，这些运动员在过去六个月内无腘绳肌损伤史。方案包括热身，然后进行三次NHE重复练习，在等速测力计上以300°/秒的速度进行两组每组10次重复练习，以及一次最大冲刺跑。每个受试者的练习顺序是随机的，在每次测试过程中使用无线EMG传感器评估肌肉活动。EMG数据被标准化为测量的最大自主等长收缩（MVIC），并对测试结果进行统计分析，以确定哪种练习能使腘绳肌获得最大激活。
不同练习之间腘绳肌肌肉活动的比较显示，我们的大多数结果存在显著差异（p值<0.05）。结果表明，与强化练习相比，短跑过程中腘绳肌的平均活动显著更高（0.4800±0.19μV）。NHE（0.3201±0.09μV）是第二活跃的练习。最后是等速器械上的高速向心运动，其产生的激活程度低于其他练习（0.2487±0.07μV）。
涉及短跑的运动有腘绳肌损伤的风险，但NHE在腘绳肌损伤的康复和预防中的应用似乎是有意义的，因为它能实现高强度的肌肉激活，为腘绳肌应对此类负荷做好准备。然而，在我们的康复过程中将NHE等强化练习与短跑相结合也是至关重要的。最后，等速测力计的使用并非腘绳肌损伤管理的一线选择。
