Prince Caroline, Morin Jean-Benoît, Mendiguchia Jurdan, Lahti Johan, Guex Kenny, Edouard Pascal, Samozino Pierre
University of Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA7424), Chambéry, France.
Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine Department, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Jan 21;2:609636. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.609636. eCollection 2020.
To train hamstring muscle specifically to sprint, strengthening programs should target exercises associated with horizontal force production and high levels of hamstring activity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to analyze the correlation between force production capacities during sprinting and hamstring strengthening exercises, and to compare hamstring muscle activity during sprinting and these exercises. Fourteen track and field regional level athletes performed two maximal 50-m sprints and six strengthening exercises: Nordic hamstring exercises without and with hip flexion, Upright-hip-extension in isometric and concentric modalities, Standing kick, and Slide-leg-bridge. The sprinting horizontal force production capacity at low (F0) and high (V0) speeds was computed from running velocity data. Hamstring muscle performances were assessed directly or indirectly during isolated exercises. Hamstring muscle electromyographic activity was recorded during all tasks. Our results demonstrate substantially large to very large correlations between V0 and performances in the Upright-hip-extension in isometric (r = 0.56; = 0.040), Nordic hamstring exercise without hip flexion (r = 0.66; = 0.012) and with 90° hip flexion (r = 0.73; = 0.003), and between F0 and Upright-hip-extension in isometric (r = 0.60; = 0.028) and the Nordic hamstring exercise without hip flexion (r = 0.59; = 0.030). However, none of the test exercises activated hamstring muscles more than an average of 60% of the maximal activation during top-speed sprinting. In conclusion, training programs aiming to be sprint-specific in terms of horizontal force production could include exercises such as the Upright-hip-extension and the Nordic hamstring exercise, in addition to maximal sprinting activity, which is the only exercise leading to high levels of hamstring muscle activity.
为了专门训练腘绳肌以提高短跑能力，强化训练计划应针对与水平力产生和高水平腘绳肌活动相关的练习。因此，本研究的目的是分析短跑过程中的力产生能力与腘绳肌强化练习之间的相关性，并比较短跑过程中与这些练习时的腘绳肌活动。14名田径地区级运动员进行了两次50米全力冲刺和六项强化练习：无髋关节屈曲和有髋关节屈曲的北欧式腘绳肌练习、等长和向心模式的直立髋关节伸展、站立踢腿以及滑腿桥。根据跑步速度数据计算低（F0）速和高（V0）速时的短跑水平力产生能力。在单独练习期间直接或间接评估腘绳肌表现。在所有任务中记录腘绳肌的肌电图活动。我们的结果表明，V0与等长直立髋关节伸展（r = 0.56；P = 0.040）、无髋关节屈曲的北欧式腘绳肌练习（r = 0.66；P = 0.012）和90°髋关节屈曲的北欧式腘绳肌练习（r = 0.73；P = 0.003）的表现之间，以及F0与等长直立髋关节伸展（r = 0.60；P = 0.028）和无髋关节屈曲的北欧式腘绳肌练习（r = 0.59；P = 0.030）之间存在从相当大到非常大的相关性。然而，在最高速度短跑期间，没有一项测试练习能使腘绳肌的激活程度超过最大激活的平均60%。总之，旨在在水平力产生方面针对短跑进行训练的计划，除了最大短跑活动（这是唯一能导致高水平腘绳肌活动的练习）之外，还可以包括诸如直立髋关节伸展和北欧式腘绳肌练习等练习。
