Comprehensive framework for interpretation of WaPOR water productivity.

This study presents a comprehensive framework for analyzing water productivity products provided by the FAO Water Productivity Open-access portal (WaPOR), focusing on various crops cultivated in both rainfed and irrigated areas within a semi-arid basin in Iran. Two indices, namely Gross Water Productivity (GWP) and Net Water Productivity (NWP), were introduced to quantify water productivity across crop fields. However, these indices may mislead decision-makers, because they aggregate water productivity for all crops and exacerbate the challenges posed by water scarcity. Therefore, mapping crop types seems necessary to enhance the interpretation of these indices and develop a dimensionless index for comparing different crops. The results demonstrated a fundamental change when comparing dimensionless water productivity with GWP and NWP products. Surprisingly, some pixels initially exhibiting high water productivity ranked as low water-productive pixels based on the derived dimensionless index, and vice versa. Based on dimensionless indicators, rainfed crops, particularly rainfed cereals, ranked as the most water-productive crops. The areas with dimensionless values below 0.5 warrant heightened attention to curtail non-beneficial water consumption and elevate water productivity. This research emphasizes the significance of mapping cultivation types as supplementary layers to facilitate precise, data-driven decision-making and enable comparisons of crops based on dimensionless water productivity indices.