AT Augusta Military Medical Center, Fort Belvoir, VA.
Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2024 Sep 1;23(9):303-309. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000001192.
Thoracic outlet syndrome is a complex syndrome that manifests with symptoms based on the presumed injury or impairment of the neurovascular structures in the thoracic outlet space with its intricate anatomy and pathophysiology. The thoracic outlet is a specific anatomical region with three distinct anatomical spaces - interscalene triangle, the costoclavicular space, and the retro-pectoralis minor space. Thoracic outlet syndrome is classified into neurogenic, venous, and arterial thoracic outlet syndrome and often poses diagnostic challenge to implicate a specific condition or cause. Many cases of thoracic outlet syndrome can be effectively managed through conservative measures, but patients with refractory symptoms may warrant surgical intervention. Modalities such as intramuscular anesthetic and botulinum toxin injections hold promise as diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic procedures. Further research and collaboration are needed to develop algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms. This review aims to explore our understanding of thoracic outlet syndrome, with a focus on current evidence and emerging trends.
胸廓出口综合征是一种复杂的综合征，其症状表现基于胸廓出口空间中神经血管结构的推定损伤或功能障碍，其解剖结构和病理生理学非常复杂。胸廓出口是一个特定的解剖区域，有三个不同的解剖空间 - 斜角肌间隙、肋锁间隙和胸小肌后间隙。胸廓出口综合征分为神经性、静脉性和动脉性胸廓出口综合征，通常对特定的情况或原因的诊断构成挑战。许多胸廓出口综合征病例可以通过保守治疗有效管理，但有顽固性症状的患者可能需要手术干预。肌内麻醉和肉毒毒素注射等方法作为诊断、治疗和预后的方法具有一定的前景。需要进一步的研究和合作来制定诊断和治疗胸廓出口综合征症状的算法。本综述旨在探讨我们对胸廓出口综合征的理解，重点是当前的证据和新兴趋势。
