Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2024 Sep;63(9):e23268. doi: 10.1002/gcc.23268.
Angiosarcomas of the kidney and adrenal gland are rare, highly aggressive vascular neoplasms. Their genomic profile has not been systematically studied to date. We report the clinicopathologic and molecular features of six angiosarcomas centered in the kidney/adrenal gland. All patients were male adults, ranging from 58 to 77 years of age. Tumor sizes ranged from 2.5 to 22.5 cm. Half of the cases demonstrated hot spot mutations in the KDR gene, while one-third demonstrated mutations in the PIK3CA gene; both of these gene alterations being previously described, preferentially in breast angiosarcomas. In addition, two cases each demonstrated BRIP1 gene amplification, CTNNB1 and ETV6 mutations, which have not been previously reported in angiosarcoma. Notably, molecular studies were critical in establishing the correct diagnoses in three cases: one was an epithelioid angiosarcoma originally misdiagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma to the adrenal gland, the second was a vasoformative angiosarcoma that mimicked hemangioma, and the third was a collision tumor between a high-grade angiosarcoma and a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma which was originally diagnosed as a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. In summary, angiosarcomas of the kidney and adrenal gland have a high frequency of recurrent genetic alterations, some of them being shared with other angiosarcoma subtypes, while other appear to be novel. In particular, activating hot spot KDR and PIK3CA mutations represent potential therapeutic targets for these highly aggressive cancers.
肾和肾上腺的血管肉瘤是罕见的、高度侵袭性的血管肿瘤。迄今为止,其基因组特征尚未得到系统研究。我们报告了以肾脏/肾上腺为中心的 6 例血管肉瘤的临床病理和分子特征。所有患者均为成年男性,年龄 58 至 77 岁。肿瘤大小从 2.5 至 22.5cm 不等。半数病例的 KDR 基因存在热点突变,三分之一的病例存在 PIK3CA 基因突变;这两种基因改变之前均在乳腺血管肉瘤中被描述过,优先发生。此外,每个病例各有 2 例存在 BRIP1 基因扩增、CTNNB1 和 ETV6 突变,这些在血管肉瘤中尚未被报道过。值得注意的是,分子研究对于在三个病例中建立正确诊断至关重要:一个最初被误诊为肾上腺转移性腺癌的上皮样血管肉瘤,第二个是类似于血管瘤的血管形成性血管肉瘤,第三个是高级别血管肉瘤和嫌色细胞肾细胞癌的碰撞肿瘤,最初被诊断为肉瘤样肾细胞癌。总之,肾和肾上腺的血管肉瘤经常出现复发性遗传改变,其中一些与其他血管肉瘤亚型共享,而另一些则似乎是新的。特别是,激活的热点 KDR 和 PIK3CA 突变可能成为这些高度侵袭性癌症的潜在治疗靶点。