Improving the Selectivity and Stability of Supported Cobalt Catalysts via Static Bi-Doping and Dynamic Trace CO Co-Feeding During Propane Dehydrogenation.

Simultaneously enhancing selectivity and stability on supported propane dehydrogenation (PDH) catalysts remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a combined static and dynamic strategy to address these issues synergistically. Firstly, we demonstrate a feasible sol-gel method for preparing atomically-dispersed Bi-decorated metal nanoparticle catalysts (MBi/AlO, M=Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn). In PDH testing, the total selectivity of by-products (CH and CH) significantly decreases to 4 % for CoBi catalysts due to the static Bi-doping, compared with 16 % for Co-supported catalysts. Secondly, to enhance catalytic stability, we introduce a dynamic trace CO co-feeding route. 10CoBi/AlO catalysts exhibit superior durability against coke formation for 330 hours in PDH under a 40 % CH atmosphere followed by pure CH conditions at 600 °C while maintaining propylene selectivity at 96 %. Notably, introducing trace CO leads to a remarkable 6-fold decrease in the deactivation rate constant (k). Multiple characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that charge transfer from atomically-distributed Bi to Co nanoparticles benefits lowering the energy of CH adsorption thereby suppressing by-products. Furthermore, the dynamic co-feeding of trace CO facilitates coke removal, suppressing catalyst deactivation. The static Bi-doping and dynamic trace CO co-feeding strategy contributes simultaneously to increased selectivity and stability on supported PDH catalysts.