Sun Weifen, Huang Ao, Wen Shubo, Kong Qianqian, Liu Xiling
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China.
Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Int J Legal Med. 2025 Jan;139(1):303-317. doi: 10.1007/s00414-024-03330-z. Epub 2024 Sep 9.
Bloodstains are crucial pieces of physical evidences found at violent crime scenes, providing valuable information for reconstructing forensic cases. However, there is limited data on how bloodstain lipidomes change over time after deposition. Hence, we deployed a high-throughput high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) approach to construct lipidomic atlases of bloodstains, whole blood, plasma, and blood cells from 15 healthy adults. A time-course analysis was also performed on bloodstains deposited for up to 6 months at room temperature (~ 25°C). The molecular levels of 60 out of 400 detected lipid species differed dramatically between bloodstain and whole blood samples, with major disturbances observed in membrane glycerophospholipids. More than half of these lipids were prevalent in the cellular and plasmic fractions; approximately 27% and 10% of the identified lipids were uniquely derived from blood cells and plasma, respectively. Furthermore, a subset of 65 temporally dynamic lipid species arose across the 6-month room-temperature deposition period, with decreased triacylglycerols (TAGs) and increased lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) as representatives, accounting for approximately 8% of the total investigated lipids. The instability of lipids increased linearly with time, with the most variability observed in the first 10 days. This study sheds light on the impact of air-drying bloodstains on blood components at room temperature and provides a list of potential bloodstain lipid markers for determining the age of bloodstains.
血迹是暴力犯罪现场发现的关键物证，为法医案件的重建提供了有价值的信息。然而，关于血迹脂质组在沉积后随时间如何变化的数据有限。因此，我们采用了高通量高效液相色谱 - 质谱联用（HPLC-MS）方法，构建了15名健康成年人的血迹、全血、血浆和血细胞的脂质组图谱。还对在室温（约25°C）下存放长达6个月的血迹进行了时间进程分析。在400种检测到的脂质种类中，有60种在血迹和全血样本中的分子水平差异显著，在膜甘油磷脂中观察到主要干扰。这些脂质中超过一半在细胞和血浆部分中普遍存在；分别约27%和10%的已鉴定脂质独特地来源于血细胞和血浆。此外，在6个月的室温沉积期内出现了65种随时间动态变化的脂质，以三酰甘油（TAGs）减少和溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LPCs）增加为代表，约占总研究脂质的8%。脂质的不稳定性随时间呈线性增加，在前10天观察到的变化最大。本研究揭示了室温下风干血迹对血液成分的影响，并提供了一份用于确定血迹年龄的潜在血迹脂质标记物清单。
