Meer Eiman
Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan.
Glob Med Genet. 2024 Sep 9;11(4):304-311. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1790283. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Microglia are immunocompetent cells that are present in the retina and central nervous system, and are involved in the development maintenance and immune functions in these systems. Developing from yolk sac-primitive macrophages, they proliferate in the local tissues during the embryonic period without resorting to the production from the hematopoietic stem cells, and are critical in sustaining homeostasis and performing in disease and injury; they have morphological characteristics and distinct phenotypes according to the microenvironment. Microglia are also present in close association with resident cells in the retina where they engage in synapse formation, support normal functions, as well as immune defense. They are involved in the development of numerous neurodegenerative and ophthalmic diseases and act as diversity shields and triggers. Noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) refer to RNA molecules synthesized from the mammalian genome, and these do not have protein-coding capacity. These ncRNAs play a role in the regulation of gene expression patterns. ncRNAs have only been recently identified as vastly significant molecules that are involved in the posttranscriptional regulation. Microglia are crucial for brain health and functions and current studies have focused on the effects caused by ncRNA on microglial types. Thus, the aim of the review was to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the regulation of microglial phenotypes by ncRNAs.
小胶质细胞是存在于视网膜和中枢神经系统中的免疫活性细胞，参与这些系统的发育、维持和免疫功能。它们起源于卵黄囊原始巨噬细胞，在胚胎期于局部组织中增殖，无需造血干细胞产生，对维持体内平衡以及在疾病和损伤中发挥作用至关重要；根据微环境，它们具有形态特征和不同的表型。小胶质细胞也与视网膜中的驻留细胞紧密相连，在那里它们参与突触形成、支持正常功能以及免疫防御。它们参与多种神经退行性疾病和眼科疾病的发生发展，并充当多样性的保护者和触发因素。非编码核糖核酸（ncRNAs）是指从哺乳动物基因组合成的RNA分子，这些分子没有蛋白质编码能力。这些ncRNAs在基因表达模式的调控中发挥作用。ncRNAs直到最近才被确认为参与转录后调控的极其重要的分子。小胶质细胞对大脑健康和功能至关重要，目前的研究集中在ncRNA对小胶质细胞类型的影响上。因此，本综述的目的是概述目前关于ncRNAs对小胶质细胞表型调控的知识。
