National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Nov;154:109894. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109894. Epub 2024 Sep 10.
This study aimed to investigate the potential of Chinese herbs in treating aquatic diseases. More particularly, the antibacterial properties and mechanisms of Chinese herbs and their monomers against Saprolegnia parasitica were investigated. In vitro antibacterial testing revealed that Cortex pseudolaricis exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.98 mg/mL. The primary monomer responsible for this antibacterial effect was identified as pseudolaric acid B (PAB), with an MIC of 0.03 mg/mL. SEM and TEM analyses demonstrated that treatment with PAB resulted in structural damage to the cell wall and cell membrane of hyphae, leading to lysis of the cell wall and membrane of spores, organelle destruction, and vacuole formation within the cells. Analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that PAB disrupts amino acid, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism in S. parasitica. This disruption impacts the biosynthesis and metabolism of various amino acids, including arginine, proline, glycine, serine, cysteine, methionine, glutamate, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. PAB also results in increased energy consumption and hindered energy generation in S. parasitica, as well as interference with the synthesis of membrane components such as DAG and phytosphingosine. Furthermore, PAB disrupts RNA, DNA, and ATP production in S. parasitica. Consequently, protein synthesis, energy supply, immune function and barrier structure in S. parasitica are weakened, and potentially leading to death. This study identifies potential antibacterial agents for environmentally friendly solutions for controlling fish saprolegniasis.
本研究旨在探讨中草药在治疗水产疾病方面的潜力。更具体地说，研究了中草药及其单体对寄生绵霉菌的抗菌特性和机制。体外抗菌试验表明，盐肤木皮表现出显著的抗菌活性，最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为 0.98mg/mL。负责这种抗菌作用的主要单体被鉴定为巴豆酸 B（PAB），MIC 为 0.03mg/mL。SEM 和 TEM 分析表明，PAB 处理导致菌丝细胞壁和细胞膜结构受损，导致细胞壁和孢子膜破裂，细胞器破坏，细胞内形成空泡。转录组和代谢组分析表明，PAB 破坏寄生绵霉菌中的氨基酸、脂质和核酸代谢。这种破坏影响各种氨基酸的生物合成和代谢，包括精氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸。PAB 还导致寄生绵霉菌中能量消耗增加和能量生成受阻，以及膜成分如 DAG 和植物鞘氨醇的合成受到干扰。此外，PAB 破坏寄生绵霉菌中的 RNA、DNA 和 ATP 产生。因此，寄生绵霉菌中的蛋白质合成、能量供应、免疫功能和屏障结构减弱，可能导致死亡。本研究为控制鱼类绵霉菌病的环保解决方案确定了潜在的抗菌剂。
