Deng Zhe, Ma Chi, Xia Zhiguo, Ma Qiangying, Lu Zengxiang
School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China.
Minmetals Mining (Handan) Mining Engineering Co., LTD, Handan, 056000, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 11;14(1):21202. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72032-8.
The blockage and the deformation and failure of the ore pass walls constitute two major problems in applying the ore passes in mines. These problems, which affect the normal operation of mine production, have attracted widespread attention worldwide. The labeled-particle layers method based on numerical simulation was used to investigate the flow characteristics of the ore-rock bulk in the ore pass under different eccentric distances of the ore-drawing port center and ore pass centerline. Moreover, the overpressure coefficient and overpressure number are used to evaluate the degree of damage to the ore-pass wall. The results show that: (1) During the ore drawing process under different eccentricities, the flow patterns of the topmost labeled-particle layers in the ore pass are always in a "-" shaped distribution, and the other layers in the ore pass gradually transition from a "-" shape to a "U" shaped distribution, and then gradually to a "V" shape closer to the drawing funnel; (2) in the range of the ore-drawing funnel, the flow pattern of the ore-rock bulk gradually changes from an upright "V" shape to an italic "V" shape with increasing eccentricity and tip slants to the drawing port, and is less affected in the shaft; and (3) the dynamic lateral pressure caused by the ore-rock flow mainly acts on the lower part of the storage section. When the eccentricity is 0.5 m, the maximum overpressure coefficient and overpressure times are the smallest, leading to the lowest damage degree of the ore pass wall.
溜井堵塞以及溜井壁变形破坏是矿山溜井应用中的两大主要问题。这些问题影响矿山生产的正常运行，在全球范围内受到广泛关注。基于数值模拟的标记颗粒层法被用于研究在放矿口中心与溜井中心线不同偏心距情况下，溜井内矿岩散体的流动特性。此外，采用超压系数和超压次数来评价溜井壁的破坏程度。结果表明：（1）在不同偏心距的放矿过程中，溜井内最顶部标记颗粒层的流动形态始终呈“-”形分布，溜井内其他层从“-”形逐渐过渡到“U”形分布，再逐渐向靠近放矿漏斗处呈“V”形；（2）在放矿漏斗范围内，矿岩散体的流动形态随着偏心距增大逐渐从直立“V”形变为倾斜“V”形，且尖端向放矿口倾斜，在井筒内受影响较小；（3）矿岩流动引起的动态侧压力主要作用于储矿段下部。当偏心距为0.5 m时，最大超压系数和超压次数最小，溜井壁破坏程度最低。
