Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2024 Aug;42(16):1491-1511. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2396225. Epub 2024 Sep 11.
This review examined the effect of acute heat mitigation strategies on physiological strain and exercise performance in females exercising in the heat. Three databases were searched for original research with an acute heat mitigation (intervention) and control strategy in active females and reporting core temperature, heart rate and/or aerobic exercise performance/capacity with ≥ 24°C wet bulb globe temperature. Hedges' effect sizes were calculated to evaluate outcomes. Thirteen studies ( = 118) were included. Most studies that applied an acute heat mitigation strategy to females did not reduce thermal (9/10) or cardiovascular (6/6) strain or improve exercise performance/capacity (8/10). The most effective strategies for attenuating thermal strain were pre-cooling with ice-slurry (effect size = -2.2 [95% CI, -3.2, -1.1]) and ice-vests (-1.9 [-2.7, -1.1]), and pre- and per-cooling with an ice-vest (-1.8 [-2.9, -0.7]). Only pre-cooling with an ice-vest improved running performance (-1.8 [-2.9, -0.7]; ~0.43 min) whilst sodium hyperhydration improved cycling capacity at 70% V O (0.8 [0.0, 1.6]; ~20.1 min). There is currently limited research on acute heat mitigation strategies in females, so the evidence for the efficacy is scarce. Some studies show beneficial effects with ice-slurry, ice-vests and sodium hyperhydration, which can guide future research to support female exercise performance in the heat.
本综述考察了急性热缓解策略对在热环境中运动的女性的生理应激和运动表现的影响。三个数据库中搜索了原始研究，这些研究采用了急性热缓解（干预）和控制策略，研究对象为活跃的女性，并报告了核心温度、心率和/或有氧运动表现/能力，环境温度≥24°C 湿球黑球温度。使用 Hedges'效应量来评估结果。纳入了 13 项研究（ = 118）。大多数对女性应用急性热缓解策略的研究并未降低热应激（9/10）或心血管应激（6/6），或提高运动表现/能力（8/10）。减轻热应激最有效的策略是冰浆预冷（效应量 = -2.2 [95% CI，-3.2，-1.1]）和冰背心（-1.9 [-2.7，-1.1]），以及冰背心的预冷和冷却（-1.8 [-2.9，-0.7]）。只有冰背心预冷提高了跑步表现（-1.8 [-2.9，-0.7]；约 0.43 分钟），而高钠水合作用提高了 70% V O 下的自行车运动能力（0.8 [0.0，1.6]；约 20.1 分钟）。目前针对女性急性热缓解策略的研究有限，因此证据稀少。一些研究表明冰浆、冰背心和高钠水合作用具有有益效果，可以指导未来的研究，以支持女性在热环境中的运动表现。
