Liu Yu, Wang Xixiang, Ren Xiuwen, Zhang Chi, Zhou Shaobo, Wang Ying, Xu Jingjing, Liu Lu, Wang Yueyong, Yuan Linhong
School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
J Am Nutr Assoc. 2025 Feb;44(2):104-114. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2401592. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Changes in lifestyle and dietary patterns play a crucial role in preventing both diabetes and cognitive impairment.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 899 aging participants. The Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was used to evaluate dietary diversity. The physical activity (PA) levels were divided based on metabolic equivalents and weekly activity time. Individual PA levels were further re-scored and combined with DDS scores to obtain each participant's total score.
Regardless of T2DM status, individuals with MCI had lower DDS and plant-derived DDS compared to non-MCI individuals. Non-MCI subjects had higher total PA and DDS scores than MCI subjects. There were differences in the correlation between DDS or PA scores and blood glucose and MoCA scores among different groups. The subjects with high DDS levels showed a significantly decreased risk of MCI and T2DM + MCI. Those with a total PA and DDS score in Q4 showed a significantly decreased risk of MCI and T2DM + MCI compared to Q1.
A diversified diet improved blood glucose levels and cognitive function. Elderly individuals with diverse diets and adequate PA had a reduced risk of developing T2DM and MCI.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）是2型糖尿病（T2DM）的常见并发症。生活方式和饮食模式的改变在预防糖尿病和认知障碍方面起着至关重要的作用。
对899名老年参与者进行了一项横断面研究。采用饮食多样性评分（DDS）来评估饮食多样性。根据代谢当量和每周活动时间对身体活动（PA）水平进行划分。对个体PA水平进一步重新评分，并与DDS评分相结合，以获得每位参与者的总分。
无论T2DM状态如何，与非MCI个体相比，MCI个体的DDS和植物源性DDS较低。非MCI受试者的总PA和DDS评分高于MCI受试者。不同组之间DDS或PA评分与血糖和MoCA评分之间的相关性存在差异。DDS水平高的受试者发生MCI和T2DM + MCI的风险显著降低。与第一季度相比，总PA和DDS评分处于第四季度的受试者发生MCI和T2DM + MCI的风险显著降低。
多样化饮食可改善血糖水平和认知功能。饮食多样且身体活动充足的老年人患T2DM和MCI的风险降低。
