Zhang Yajuan, Jiang Yaoyao, Yang Xiaoyue, Huang Yumei, Pan An, Liao Yunfei
Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Mech Ageing Dev. 2024 Dec;222:111988. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111988. Epub 2024 Sep 10.
Adipose tissue (AT), the largest energy storage reservoir and endocrine organ, plays a crucial role in regulating systemic energy metabolism. As one of the most vulnerable tissues during aging, the plasticity of AT is impaired. With age, AT undergoes redistribution, characterized by expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and reduction of peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Additionally, age-related changes in AT include reduced adipogenesis of white adipocytes, decreased proliferation and differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), diminished thermogenic capacity in brown/beige adipocytes, and dysregulation of immune cells. Specific and sensitive hallmarks enable the monitoring and evaluation of the biological changes associated with aging. In this study, we have innovatively proposed seven characteristic hallmarks of AT senescence, including telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, disabled macroautophagy, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation, which are intricately interconnected and mutually regulated. Finally, we discussed anti-aging strategies targeting AT, offering insights into mitigating or delaying metabolic disturbances caused by AT senescence.
脂肪组织（AT）是最大的能量储存库和内分泌器官，在调节全身能量代谢中起着关键作用。作为衰老过程中最脆弱的组织之一，AT的可塑性受损。随着年龄的增长，AT会发生重新分布，其特征是内脏脂肪组织（VAT）扩张和外周皮下脂肪组织（SAT）减少。此外，AT的年龄相关变化包括白色脂肪细胞的脂肪生成减少、间充质基质/干细胞（MSCs）的增殖和分化能力下降、棕色/米色脂肪细胞的产热能力减弱以及免疫细胞失调。特定且敏感的特征能够监测和评估与衰老相关的生物学变化。在本研究中，我们创新性地提出了AT衰老的七个特征标志，包括端粒磨损、表观遗传改变、基因组不稳定、线粒体功能障碍、自噬功能受损、细胞衰老和慢性炎症，它们相互交织、相互调节。最后，我们讨论了针对AT的抗衰老策略，为减轻或延缓由AT衰老引起的代谢紊乱提供了见解。
