Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.
Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2024 Sep 12;21(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s12984-024-01464-0.
Many studies over the recent decades have attempted the modulation of motor learning using brain stimulation. Alternating currents allow for researchers not only to electrically stimulate the brain, but to further investigate the effects of specific frequencies, in and beyond the context of their endogenous associations. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has therefore been used during motor learning to modulate aspects of acquisition, consolidation and performance of a learned motor skill. Despite numerous reviews on the effects of tACS, and its role in motor learning, there are few studies which synthesize the numerous frequencies and their respective theoretical mechanisms as they relate to motor and perceptual processes. Here we provide a short overview of the main stimulation frequencies used in motor learning modulation (e.g., alpha, beta, and gamma), and discuss the effect and proposed mechanisms of these studies. We summarize with the current state of the field, the effectiveness and variability in motor learning modulation, and novel mechanistic proposals from other fields.
近几十年来，许多研究都试图通过脑刺激来调节运动学习。交流电不仅使研究人员能够对大脑进行电刺激，而且还可以进一步研究特定频率的影响，包括在其内源性关联范围内和之外。因此，经颅交流电刺激 (tACS) 在运动学习期间被用于调节习得、巩固和表现习得运动技能的各个方面。尽管有许多关于 tACS 效应及其在运动学习中的作用的综述，但很少有研究综合了众多频率及其与运动和感知过程相关的各自理论机制。在这里，我们简要概述了用于运动学习调节的主要刺激频率（例如，alpha、beta 和 gamma），并讨论了这些研究的效果和提出的机制。我们总结了目前运动学习调节的有效性和可变性，以及来自其他领域的新的机制性建议。
