Alarawi Marah, Alfares Mona, Alzaraija Afrah, Felemban Haneen, Alzahrani Lujain, Almadkhali Nada
Medical School, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU.
Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 13;16(8):e66753. doi: 10.7759/cureus.66753. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disorder caused by the immune system targeting liver cells. The etiology of AIH remains undefined. Therefore, we aim to explore the relationship between cigarette smoking and AIH. Methods A retrospective study was done at the Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Forty-six inpatients and outpatients managed at KAUH from 2016 to 2021 and diagnosed with AIH were included. Data about patients' age, gender, smoking state, type of liver disease, and any other autoimmune disease were collected. Results In all, 10.9% (n = 5) of patients were active smokers, and 60.0% (n = 3) used cigarettes. The median number of cigarettes smoked per day was 17, while 56.5% (n = 26) had a positive family history of smoking, and 41.3% (n = 19) were passive smokers. Of them, 39.1% (n = 18) had at least one complication of AIH, such as liver cirrhosis, which is the most frequent complication (61.1%; n = 11), followed by esophageal varices (22.2%; n = 4), liver fibrosis (5.6%; n = 1), and fatty liver (5.6%; n = 1). The presence of any complication was not associated with patients' demographics or smoking status. On the other hand, liver cirrhosis was significantly higher among currently active smokers. Conclusion No relationship was found between smoking and the AIH outcomes. Future multi-center studies on larger samples are needed.
背景 自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）是一种由免疫系统攻击肝细胞引起的慢性肝脏疾病。AIH的病因尚不明确。因此，我们旨在探讨吸烟与AIH之间的关系。方法 在沙特阿拉伯吉达阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学医院（KAUH）医学部进行了一项回顾性研究。纳入了2016年至2021年在KAUH诊治的46例确诊为AIH的住院和门诊患者。收集了患者的年龄、性别、吸烟状况、肝病类型以及任何其他自身免疫性疾病的数据。结果 总体而言，10.9%（n = 5）的患者为现吸烟者，60.0%（n = 3）使用香烟。每天吸烟的中位数为17支，56.5%（n = 26）有吸烟家族史阳性，41.3%（n = 19）为被动吸烟者。其中，39.1%（n = 18）至少有一种AIH并发症，如肝硬化，这是最常见的并发症（61.1%；n = 11），其次是食管静脉曲张（22.2%；n = 4）、肝纤维化（5.6%；n = 1）和脂肪肝（5.6%；n = 1）。任何并发症的存在与患者的人口统计学特征或吸烟状况均无关联。另一方面，现吸烟者中肝硬化的发生率显著更高。结论 未发现吸烟与AIH结局之间存在关联。未来需要进行更大样本量的多中心研究。
