Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Sep 13;46(10):420. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02197-8.
Environmental Arsenic (As) exposure is one of the main health challenges in different area of the world. As is a significant factor responsible to the reproductive system toxicity in both male and female. In this study, the most important effects mechanisms and biomarkers related to environmental exposure to As and the reproductive system toxicity, and infertility risk are reviewed in male and female. The results showed that the most important As-induced reproductive system toxicity in the male were alteration in the quantity and quality of semen, testicular toxicity, oxidative stress, testosterone reduction, and sperm apoptosis. For female were oxidative stress, spontaneous miscarriage, reproductive cycle disruption, decrease in the estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone levels and impair fecundity. The main mechanisms of reproductive system toxicity caused by As exposure in male were, genotoxic effects, reduction of glutathione, disruption of sex hormones, sperm flagellum formation impairment, inhibition of spermatogenesis, disruption of cell signaling pathways, and metabolites disruption. For female were abnormal signaling in gene expression, hormonal homeostasis, As-accumulation in placental tissue and creation of reactive oxygen, disruption in the neurotransmitters balance, and sex hormones disruption. The suitable biomarkers for As-induced reproductive toxicity in male were changes in testosterone, one-carbon and lipid metabolism, noncoding RNAs, and steroid hormone homeostasis, and for female was human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) changes. Finaly, taking selenium, zinc, silymarin, vitamins (C and E) and phytonutrients can be effective in reducing the As-induced reproductive system toxicity and infertility risk.
环境砷（As）暴露是世界不同地区的主要健康挑战之一。As 是导致男性和女性生殖系统毒性和不孕风险的重要因素。在这项研究中，综述了与环境暴露于 As 相关的生殖系统毒性和不孕风险的最重要的作用机制和生物标志物。结果表明，As 对男性生殖系统毒性的最重要影响是精液数量和质量的改变、睾丸毒性、氧化应激、睾酮减少和精子凋亡。对女性而言，是氧化应激、自然流产、生殖周期紊乱、雌二醇、孕酮和睾酮水平下降以及生育能力受损。As 暴露引起男性生殖系统毒性的主要机制是遗传毒性作用、谷胱甘肽减少、性激素破坏、精子鞭毛形成受损、精子发生抑制、细胞信号通路破坏和代谢物破坏。对于女性，是基因表达异常信号、激素平衡、胎盘组织中 As 积累和活性氧的产生、神经递质平衡的破坏以及性激素的破坏。男性中适合 As 诱导的生殖毒性的生物标志物是睾酮、一碳和脂质代谢、非编码 RNA 和类固醇激素动态平衡的变化，而女性则是人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）的变化。最后，服用硒、锌、水飞蓟素、维生素（C 和 E）和植物营养素可以有效降低 As 引起的生殖系统毒性和不孕风险。
