Research progress of hydrogen sulfide fluorescent probes targeting organelles.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes in living organisms. Abnormal levels of HS can result in various physiological disorders, highlighting the crucial need for effective identification and detection of HS at the organellar level. Although numerous HS fluorescent probes targeting organelles have been reported, a comprehensive review of these probes is required. This review focuses on the strategic selection of organelle-targeting groups and recognition sites for HS fluorescent probes. This review examines HS fluorescent probes that can specifically target lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lipid droplets. These fluorescent probes have been meticulously classified and summarized based on their distinct targets, emphasizing their chemical structure, reaction mechanisms, and biological applications. We carefully designed fluorescent probes to efficiently enhance their ability to recognize target substances and exhibit significant fluorescence variations. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges inherent in the development of fluorescent probes and outline potential future directions for this exciting field.