Giraldi Gabrielly Chechi, Wolschick Gabriel Jean, Signor Mateus Henrique, Lago Rafael Vinicius Pansera, de Souza Muniz Ana Luiza, Draszevski Taynara Monica Reginatto, Balzan Manoela Meira, Wagner Roger, da Silva Aleksandro Schafer
Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil.
Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Sep 9;14(17):2617. doi: 10.3390/ani14172617.
With the increase in population, it is increasingly necessary to produce food more efficiently. This has expanded the market for additives, which are products that directly (nutritional effect) or indirectly (effect on animal health) favor productivity. Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a natural precursor of creatine. It acts as an energy reserve in skeletal muscle. In addition to being a compound with more significant bioavailability, it is more thermally stable and less expensive than creatine. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether adding GAA to the cattle diet would alter the meat's composition and fatty acid profile. We used 24 Holstein cattle males (409 ± 5.6 kg), approximately 15 months old, and separated them into four homogeneous groups, one being the control group and three groups with various dosages of GAA in the diets (3.3; 6.6, and 9.9 g/animal/day), for an experimental period of 60 days. Blood, rumen fluid, and animal weighing were performed at three points (days 1, 30, and 60), and daily feed consumption was measured. Steers fed with GAA (9.9 g/d) showed a 16.9% increase in average daily gain (ADG) compared to the control group. These same animals (T-9.9 group) fed with GAA showed a 20% increase in fed efficiency compared to the control group. Lower leukocyte, lymphocyte, and granulocyte counts and lower cholesterol levels were observed in animals that consumed 6.6 g and 9.9 g/d GAA compared to the control group. Animals from the T-6.6 and T-9.9 groups showed 30% and 27.6% reduced bacterial activity in the rumen compared to the control group, respectively. Steers from the T-6.6 and T-9.9 groups fed with GAA showed a 20% and 37% increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compared to the control group, respectively. A higher concentration of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids in the ruminal fluid of cattle T-9.9 group was observed at day 60. The two highest doses of GAA showed lower fat levels in the meat, just as the cattle that received 9.9 g/d showed higher levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acids. Complementary data results draw attention to the dose of 9.9 g/d GAA in cattle diets, as anti-inflammatory action can be seen and combined with a higher concentration of SCFAs, consequently increases weight gain. We concluded that consuming this GAA increases the concentration of some unsaturated fatty acids (omegas) in the meat, which adds quality to the product for the consumer.
随着人口增长，更高效地生产食物变得越来越必要。这扩大了添加剂市场，添加剂是直接（营养作用）或间接（对动物健康的作用）有利于提高生产力的产品。胍基乙酸（GAA）是肌酸的天然前体。它在骨骼肌中充当能量储备。除了是一种具有更高生物利用度的化合物外，它比肌酸热稳定性更高且成本更低。因此，本研究旨在确定在牛的日粮中添加GAA是否会改变肉的成分和脂肪酸谱。我们使用了24头荷斯坦公牛（体重409±5.6千克），大约15月龄，并将它们分成四个同质组，一组为对照组，三组在日粮中添加不同剂量的GAA（3.3；6.6和9.9克/头/天），实验期为60天。在三个时间点（第1天、第30天和第60天）采集血液、瘤胃液并对动物称重，同时测量每日采食量。与对照组相比，饲喂GAA（9.9克/天）的阉牛平均日增重（ADG）提高了16.9%。这些饲喂GAA的相同动物（T - 9.9组）与对照组相比，饲喂效率提高了20%。与对照组相比，摄入6.6克/天和9.9克/天GAA的动物白细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞计数以及胆固醇水平较低。与对照组相比，T - 6.6组和T - 9.9组的动物瘤胃细菌活性分别降低了30%和27.6%。与对照组相比，饲喂GAA的T - 6.6组和T - 9.9组的阉牛短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）分别增加了20%和37%。在第60天观察到T - 9.9组牛的瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度较高。GAA的两个最高剂量组的肉中脂肪含量较低，同样，每天摄入9.9克的牛总多不饱和脂肪酸水平较高。补充数据结果凸显了牛日粮中9.9克/天的GAA剂量，因为可以看到其抗炎作用并与较高浓度的SCFAs相结合，从而增加体重。我们得出结论，摄入这种GAA会增加肉中一些不饱和脂肪酸（欧米伽）的浓度，这为消费者增加了产品质量。
