Mirzayans Razmik, Murray David
Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Sep 8;16(17):3106. doi: 10.3390/cancers16173106.
Cell division is crucial for the survival of living organisms. Human cells undergo three types of cell division: mitosis, meiosis, and amitosis. The former two types occur in somatic cells and germ cells, respectively. Amitosis involves nuclear budding and occurs in cells that exhibit abnormal nuclear morphology (e.g., polyploidy) with increased cell size. In the early 2000s, Kirsten Walen and Rengaswami Rajaraman and his associates independently reported that polyploid human cells are capable of producing progeny via amitotic cell division, and that a subset of emerging daughter cells proliferate rapidly, exhibit stem cell-like properties, and can contribute to tumorigenesis. Polyploid cells that arise in solid tumors/tumor-derived cell lines are referred to as polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) and are known to contribute to therapy resistance and disease recurrence following anticancer treatment. This commentary provides an update on some of these intriguing discoveries as a tribute to Drs. Walen and Rajaraman.
细胞分裂对于生物体的生存至关重要。人类细胞经历三种类型的细胞分裂：有丝分裂、减数分裂和无丝分裂。前两种类型分别发生在体细胞和生殖细胞中。无丝分裂涉及核出芽，发生在细胞核形态异常（如多倍体）且细胞大小增加的细胞中。在21世纪初，柯尔斯滕·瓦伦、伦加什瓦米·拉贾拉曼及其同事分别报告称，多倍体人类细胞能够通过无丝分裂产生后代，并且一部分新出现的子细胞增殖迅速，表现出干细胞样特性，并可能导致肿瘤发生。实体瘤/肿瘤衍生细胞系中出现的多倍体细胞被称为多倍体巨癌细胞（PGCCs），已知它们会导致抗癌治疗后的治疗抵抗和疾病复发。本评论对其中一些有趣的发现进行了更新，以向瓦伦博士和拉贾拉曼博士致敬。
