Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 30;25(17):9455. doi: 10.3390/ijms25179455.
Type 2 airway inflammation (T2AI), driven by type 2 innate lymphoid and CD4 T helper 2 cells, leads to various diseases and conditions, such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in these diseases. In this review, we describe the immunological T2AI pathogenic mechanisms, outline EV characteristics, and highlight their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of T2AI. An extensive literature search was conducted using appropriate strategies to identify relevant articles from various online databases. EVs in various biological samples showed disease-specific characteristics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, with some demonstrating therapeutic effects against these conditions. However, most studies have been limited to in vitro and animal models, highlighting the need for further clinical research on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of EVs.
2 型气道炎症（T2AI）由 2 型先天淋巴样细胞和 CD4 T 辅助 2 细胞驱动，导致各种疾病和病症，如伴有鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、变应性鼻炎和哮喘。新出现的证据表明，细胞外囊泡（EVs）参与了这些疾病。在这篇综述中，我们描述了免疫 T2AI 发病机制，概述了 EV 的特征，并强调了它们在 T2AI 的诊断和治疗中的应用。我们使用适当的策略进行了广泛的文献检索，从各种在线数据库中确定了相关文章。各种生物样本中的 EVs 显示出与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉、变应性鼻炎和哮喘特异性相关的特征，其中一些对这些病症具有治疗效果。然而，大多数研究仅限于体外和动物模型，这突出表明需要进一步进行 EVs 的诊断和治疗应用的临床研究。
