Guo Guimei, Liu Shisen, Zhang Shuwei, Yang Linian, Zong Yingjie, Halford Nigel G, He Ting, Gao Runhong, Guo Zhenzhu, Zhou Longhua, Liu Chenghong, Wu Shujun, Chen Zhiwei
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding (21DZ2271900), Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Sep 9;13(17):2531. doi: 10.3390/plants13172531.
As one of the most important staple crops in the world, rice plays a pivotal role in world food security. The creation of doubled haploids based on anther culture is an important technology for rice breeding. However, at present, rice anther culture technology still faces many problems, such as genotype dependency, especially genotypes of indica rice. In this study, fifteen rice genotypes, including twelve japonica rice genotypes and three indica rice genotypes, were randomly selected and used to study anther culture by using a modified M8 medium. The results showed that the total callus induction rates of these different rice genotypes ranged from 0.81 to 13.95%, with an average of 6.64%, while the callus induction rates calculated for the top ten highest callus inductions for each rice genotype ranged from 2.75 to 17.00%, with an average of 10.56%. There were varying gaps between the total callus induction rates and the callus induction rates in these different rice genotypes. The fact that the gaps for some rice genotypes were relatively large indicated that standard tiller or anther collection was not applicable to all rice genotypes and that there was still a lot of room for improvement in the callus induction rate of some rice genotypes through optimization of the sampling method. The plantlet regeneration rates ranged from 12.55 to 456.54%, with an average of 200.10%. Although there were many albinos from anther culture for some rice genotypes, these would still meet the requirement if the rice genotypes had higher callus induction rates or regeneration rates. The percentages of seed setting of regenerated green seedlings ranged from 14% to 84%, with an average of 48.73%. Genetic diversity analysis showed that the genetic background of these different rice genotypes was representative, and the phylogenetic tree and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) divided them into indica and japonica types. Therefore, in this study, an anther culture method suitable for both indica and japonica rice genotypes was established, which could improve doubled haploid breeding in rice.
作为世界上最重要的主食作物之一，水稻在全球粮食安全中发挥着关键作用。基于花药培养创建双单倍体是水稻育种的一项重要技术。然而，目前水稻花药培养技术仍面临许多问题，如基因型依赖性，尤其是籼稻基因型。本研究随机选取了15个水稻基因型，包括12个粳稻基因型和3个籼稻基因型，采用改良的M8培养基进行花药培养研究。结果表明，这些不同水稻基因型的愈伤组织总诱导率在0.81%至13.95%之间，平均为6.64%，而每个水稻基因型中愈伤组织诱导率最高的前十个的计算诱导率在2.75%至17.00%之间，平均为10.56%。这些不同水稻基因型的愈伤组织总诱导率和愈伤组织诱导率之间存在不同程度的差距。一些水稻基因型的差距相对较大，这表明标准的分蘖或花药采集并不适用于所有水稻基因型，并且通过优化采样方法，一些水稻基因型的愈伤组织诱导率仍有很大的提升空间。植株再生率在12.55%至456.54%之间，平均为200.10%。虽然一些水稻基因型的花药培养中有许多白化苗，但如果水稻基因型具有较高的愈伤组织诱导率或再生率，这些仍能满足要求。再生绿苗的结实率在14%至84%之间，平均为48.73%。遗传多样性分析表明，这些不同水稻基因型的遗传背景具有代表性，系统发育树和主成分分析（PCA）将它们分为籼型和粳型。因此，本研究建立了一种适用于籼稻和粳稻基因型的花药培养方法，可改善水稻双单倍体育种。
