Li Yaru, Yin Liu, Ren Hui, Wu Xinzhou, Sun Jinshan, Liu Xuwang
State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
Sichuan Hongbo Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Mianyang 621000, China.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Sep 3;17(17):4354. doi: 10.3390/ma17174354.
Aluminum nanoparticles (nAl) have received sustained interest due to their higher reactivity than micron aluminum particles (mAl). However, in practice, the densities of explosive formulations with nAl are far smaller than those with mAl, which greatly undercuts the energy release performance. To take advantages of both kinds of Al particles, in situ integration of mAl@nAl composites was proposed and evaluated. The mAl@nAl composites were prepared by in situ electrical explosion of Al wire. Their morphology, density, and specific surface area (SSA) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), densimetry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), respectively. SEM showed that nAl uniformly adhered to the surface of mAl. With the increase in voltage, the average diameter and density of the composites decreased, but the SSA of the composites increased. And the largest density of the composites was 1.13 g/cm, comparable to that of the commercial graded Al product (1.25 g/cm). Meanwhile, the highest SSA of the composites was 12.1192 m/g. In addition, the combustion efficiency of mAl@nAl composites at 20 kV was 8.26% higher than that of physically graded counterparts. The constant-volume combustion test under zero oxygen balance revealed that the pressurization rate and peak pressure of mAl@nAl composites prepared at 20 kV were the highest of all. Furthermore, constant-volume combustion under constant heat showed that the combustion temperatures of mAl@nAl composites were 1.15-1.45 times higher than those of physically graded counterparts. Finally, the ignition delay of mAl@nAl composites was reduced with the increase in explosion voltage.
由于铝纳米颗粒（nAl）比微米级铝颗粒（mAl）具有更高的反应活性，因此一直备受关注。然而，在实际应用中，含nAl的炸药配方密度远低于含mAl的配方，这大大削弱了能量释放性能。为了同时利用这两种铝颗粒的优势，提出并评估了mAl@nAl复合材料的原位集成。通过铝丝原位电爆炸制备了mAl@nAl复合材料。分别用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、密度计和布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）法对其形貌、密度和比表面积（SSA）进行了表征。SEM显示nAl均匀地附着在mAl表面。随着电压的增加，复合材料的平均直径和密度减小，但复合材料的SSA增加。复合材料的最大密度为1.13 g/cm³，与商业级铝产品（1.25 g/cm³）相当。同时，复合材料的最高SSA为12.1192 m²/g。此外，20 kV下mAl@nAl复合材料的燃烧效率比物理级配的同类材料高8.26%。零氧平衡下的定容燃烧试验表明，20 kV制备的mAl@nAl复合材料的增压速率和峰值压力在所有材料中最高。此外，恒温定容燃烧表明，mAl@nAl复合材料的燃烧温度比物理级配的同类材料高1.15 - 1.45倍。最后，mAl@nAl复合材料的点火延迟随着爆炸电压的增加而减小。
