Dry Lands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions, El Fje, Medenine 4119, Tunisia.
Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Molecules. 2024 Aug 23;29(17):3997. doi: 10.3390/molecules29173997.
This research can be considered as the first complete survey for the valorization of new olive genotypes cultivated in the South-East of Tunisia as well as their oils. The study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition of virgin olive oil produced from two olive cultivars, namely Nourgou and Gousalani. The pomological characterization of fruits, the quality criteria and the phytochemical profile were quantified. Additionally, antioxidant activity was evaluated using Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) tests to also obtain a bioactive characterization of these monovarietal olive oils. The obtained results revealed that the analyzed olive oils samples can be classified into Extra Virgin category (EVOO) according to the regulated physicochemical characteristics. Our findings showed a significant variability in the chemical parameters of the analyzed EVOO likely associated with the genetic potential, mainly for chlorophylls contents (1.37-1.64 mg/kg), in carotenoids pigments (3.97-10.86 mg/kg), in α-tocopherol (175.59-186.87 mg/kg), in sterols (1036.4-1931.4 mg/kg) in oleic acid (65.33-68.73%), in palmitic acid (C16:0) (13.32-17.48%), in linoleic acid (C18:2) (11.06-13.47%). Additionally, the HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that the two EVOOs analyzed contained appreciable amounts of total polyphenols, ranging from 348.03 up to 516.16 mg/kg, in Nourgou and Gousalani oils, respectively. Regarding the individual phenolic compounds, the EVOO samples were mainly characterized by phenolic alcohols, phenolic acids, secoiridoids, verbascoside, flavonoids and phenolic aldehydes. The prevalent simple phenolics detected were secoiridoids with the dominance of the oleuropein aglycone in Gousalani oil. In addition, findings from in vitro antioxidant assays (FRAP and ORAC) revealed that the two studied oils possessed a powerful antiradical activity and a good reducing power capacity. In conclusion, these new EVOOs exhibited a superior quality compared to other Tunisian varieties, considering their antiradical activity and reducing power capacity.
这项研究可以被视为首次对突尼斯东南部新培育的橄榄基因型及其油进行的全面评估。该研究旨在对两种橄榄品种——Nourgou 和 Gousalani——生产的初榨橄榄油的植物化学组成进行特征描述。对果实的园艺学特征、质量标准和植物化学特征进行了量化。此外，还使用铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）和氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）测试来评估抗氧化活性，以对这些单品种橄榄油进行生物活性特征描述。研究结果表明，根据规定的理化特性，分析得到的橄榄油样品可归类为特级初榨橄榄油（EVOO）。我们的研究结果表明，分析得到的 EVOO 的化学参数存在显著差异，这可能与遗传潜力有关，主要是叶绿素含量（1.37-1.64mg/kg）、类胡萝卜素含量（3.97-10.86mg/kg）、α-生育酚含量（175.59-186.87mg/kg）、甾醇含量（1036.4-1931.4mg/kg）、油酸含量（65.33-68.73%）、棕榈酸含量（C16:0）（13.32-17.48%）、亚油酸含量（C18:2）（11.06-13.47%）。此外，HPLC-MS/MS 分析表明，分析的两种 EVOO 均含有相当数量的总多酚，Nourgou 和 Gousalani 油中的含量分别为 348.03 至 516.16mg/kg。关于单个酚类化合物，EVOO 样品主要以酚类醇、酚酸、次级胆汁酸、毛蕊花糖苷、类黄酮和酚醛组成。检测到的主要简单酚类是次级胆汁酸，其中 Gousalani 油中以橄榄苦苷配基为主。此外，体外抗氧化测定（FRAP 和 ORAC）的结果表明，两种研究油具有强大的自由基清除活性和良好的还原能力。综上所述，考虑到这两种新的 EVOO 的自由基清除活性和还原能力，与其他突尼斯品种相比，它们具有更高的品质。
