MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China; State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
Water Res. 2024 Nov 15;266:122434. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122434. Epub 2024 Sep 11.
It is a great challenge for effective treatment of shale gas produced water (SGPW), a typical industrial wastewater with complex composition. Single forward osmosis (FO) or membrane distillation (MD) process has been widely used for desalination of SGPW, with membrane fouling not well addressed. Fertilizer draw solution (DS) with high osmotic pressure is less likely to cause FO fouling and can be used for irrigation. An integrated process using fertilizer-driven FO (FDFO) and MD process was proposed for the first time for SGPW treatment, and characteristics of fertilizer DS and powdered activated carbon (PAC) enhancement were assessed. The DS using KCl and (NH)SO had high MD fluxes (36.8-38.8 L/(m·h)) and low permeate conductivity (below 50 μS/cm), increasing the contact angle of the MD membrane by 113 % than that without FO, while the DS using MgCl and NHHPO produced a lower reverse salt flux (0.9-3.2 g/(m·h)). When diluted DS was treated using PAC, the MD permeate conductivity was further reduced to 35 μS/cm without ammonia, and the membrane hydrophobicity was maintained to 71-83 % of the original. The mechanism of the FDFO-MD integrated process for mitigating MD fouling and improving permeate quality was analyzed, providing guidance for efficient SGPW treatment.
对于页岩气采出水（SGPW）这一具有复杂成分的典型工业废水的有效处理是一个巨大的挑战。单一的正向渗透（FO）或膜蒸馏（MD）工艺已广泛应用于 SGPW 的脱盐，但膜污染问题尚未得到很好的解决。具有高渗透压的肥料汲取液（DS）不太可能引起 FO 污染，可用于灌溉。本研究首次提出了一种使用肥料驱动的 FO（FDFO）和 MD 工艺的集成工艺来处理 SGPW，并评估了肥料 DS 和粉末活性炭（PAC）增强的特性。使用 KCl 和（NH4）2SO4 的 DS 具有较高的 MD 通量（36.8-38.8 L/（m·h））和较低的渗透液电导率（低于 50 μS/cm），与没有 FO 相比，MD 膜的接触角增加了 113%，而使用 MgCl2 和 NH4H2PO4 的 DS 产生的反向盐通量较低（0.9-3.2 g/（m·h））。当用 PAC 处理稀释后的 DS 时，MD 渗透液的电导率进一步降低至 35 μS/cm 且没有氨，膜疏水性保持在原始的 71-83%。分析了 FDFO-MD 集成工艺缓解 MD 污染和提高渗透液质量的机制，为高效处理 SGPW 提供了指导。
