Almutairi Fahad M
Physical Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Sep 12;280(Pt 1):135604. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135604.
In this study, utilized algae activated with citric acid and lime juice to develop a novel bioadsorbent, The Algae@CS/Alginate beads were formed by encapsulating the activated algae with chitosan and alginate, producing a nanocomposite that is efficient in removing Basic Fuchsin (BF) dye from water. The beads were characterized by means of a diversity of techniques, such as FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM and determination the surface area via N adsorption/desorption isotherm that permitted that the adsorbent has high surface area 124.43 m/g. The electrical properties of the BF, including its structure and reactivity, were determined by density functional theory (DFT). The MEP data and the molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), as well as the sites of the electrophilic besides nucleophilic attack places, correspond fairly well, according to DFT. The adsorption process was fitted to Langmuir isothermally, and kinetically to pseudo-second-order (PSOE) model. The adsorption mechanism was identified as chemisorption with an adsorption energy of 32.6 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic research shows that the BF adsorption process by Algae@CS/Alginate beads is spontaneous and endothermic because of the positive ΔH and negative ΔG. Through numerical optimization of the programmed, the ideal conditions for adsorption were strongminded to be a pH of 8, a dosage of 0.02 g/25 mL for Algae@CS/Alginate beads, and a concentration of 367.27 mg/g of BF. Using the least amount of intended experiments, the adsorption procedure was optimized by the request of Box-Behnken design (BBD) and answer surface methodology (RSM) in Design-Expert software. Adsorbent reusability test results showed that, following eight successive cycles of adsorption and desorption, the adsorbent was stable and that removal efficacy had not decreased. It additionally demonstrated good efficacy, no alteration in chemical conformation, and the same XRD and FTIR data before and after recycle. Analyze the interaction between the Algae@CS/Alginate beads and the BF.
在本研究中，利用柠檬酸和柠檬汁活化藻类以开发一种新型生物吸附剂，通过用壳聚糖和藻酸盐包裹活化的藻类形成藻@壳聚糖/藻酸盐珠，制备出一种能有效从水中去除碱性品红（BF）染料的纳米复合材料。通过多种技术对这些珠子进行了表征，如傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及通过N吸附/脱附等温线测定表面积，结果表明该吸附剂具有124.43 m²/g的高表面积。通过密度泛函理论（DFT）确定了BF的电学性质，包括其结构和反应性。根据DFT，MEP数据、分子轨道（HOMO和LUMO）以及亲电和亲核攻击位点相当吻合。吸附过程符合朗缪尔等温线，动力学上符合伪二级（PSOE）模型。吸附机制被确定为化学吸附，吸附能为32.6 kJ/mol。热力学研究表明，由于正的ΔH和负的ΔG，藻@壳聚糖/藻酸盐珠对BF的吸附过程是自发的且吸热的。通过程序的数值优化，确定吸附的理想条件为pH值8、藻@壳聚糖/藻酸盐珠的用量为0.02 g/25 mL以及BF浓度为367.27 mg/g。使用最少数量的预定实验，在Design-Expert软件中根据Box-Behnken设计（BBD）和响应面方法（RSM）的要求对吸附过程进行了优化。吸附剂可重复使用性测试结果表明，经过八次连续的吸附和解吸循环后，吸附剂稳定且去除效率没有降低。它还表现出良好的效果，化学构象没有改变，循环前后的XRD和FTIR数据相同。分析藻@壳聚糖/藻酸盐珠与BF之间的相互作用。
