Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, 31585-845, Karaj, 3135913533, Alborz, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 14;14(1):21507. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72777-2.
The high water consumption in agriculture has led to an obvious water crisis in this sector, and the use of unconventional water sources, especially agricultural drains, is considered necessary. For this purpose, the present study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of biological filters with different types of substrates for treating agricultural wastewater in Khuzestan province, located in the south of Iran, to use receptive resources and reuse them in agriculture. Next, the efficiency of four types of biological filters for treating agricultural drainage water with different retention times was evaluated. Sawdust, cotton stalks, wheat straw, stubble, and rice husk were used as filters. Qualitative factors included agricultural pesticides (Atrazine, Randup, Paraquat, and 2, 4-D) and nutrients (nitrate, nitrogen, phosphate, and phosphorus). By examining the trend of increasing the retention time and the corresponding removal percentage, it was observed that the retention time has a direct relationship with the amount of removal efficiency of nutrients and agricultural toxins. As the residence time increases, the average amount of nutrient compounds in different filters decreases, and their removal percentage increases. The highest removal percentage of nitrate, total nitrogen, phosphate, and total phosphorus was 74.03, 71.66, 57.97, and 61.85% in the sawdust filter and was assigned to 10 days. The highest percentage of removal of Atrazine, Tofudi, Paraquat, and Roundup toxins with a removal efficiency of 91.73, 84.27, 89.81, and 88.46% was also observed in the treatment of sawdust for 10 days. The sawdust filter showed a good performance in removing the parameters of agricultural toxins and nutrient compounds in a retention time of 10 days compared to other filters and retention times. As a general result, the sawdust filter can be cited as a reliable substrate with acceptable efficiency compared to other filters.
农业的高耗水量导致该部门明显出现水资源危机，因此需要使用非常规水源，特别是农业排水。为此，本研究旨在评估不同类型基质生物过滤器处理伊朗南部胡齐斯坦省农业废水的效率，以利用可接受的资源并将其重新用于农业。接下来，评估了四种不同停留时间的生物过滤器处理农业排水的效率。锯末、棉花秸秆、麦秆、茬和稻壳被用作过滤器。定性因素包括农业农药（莠去津、拉顿、百草枯和 2,4-D）和养分（硝酸盐、氮、磷酸盐和磷）。通过考察延长停留时间和相应去除率的趋势，可以看出停留时间与去除养分和农业毒素的效率呈直接关系。随着停留时间的增加，不同过滤器中养分化合物的平均含量减少，去除率增加。锯末过滤器对硝酸盐、总氮、磷酸盐和总磷的去除率最高，分别为 74.03%、71.66%、57.97%和 61.85%，停留时间为 10 天。锯末处理 10 天对莠去津、托弗迪、百草枯和农达毒素的去除率最高，去除效率分别为 91.73%、84.27%、89.81%和 88.46%。与其他过滤器和停留时间相比，锯末过滤器在 10 天的停留时间内对农业毒素和营养化合物参数的去除效果较好。总的来说，与其他过滤器相比，锯末过滤器可以作为一种可靠的、具有可接受效率的基质。
