Environmental & Sustainable Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1220 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12226, USA.
Environmental & Sustainable Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1220 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12226, USA.
Environ Int. 2024 Sep;191:108993. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108993. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Changes in energy and environmental policies along with changes in the energy markets of New York State over the past two decades, have spurred interest in evaluating their impacts on emissions from various energy generation sectors. This study focused on quantifying these effects on VOC (volatile organic compounds) emissions and their subsequent impacts on air quality within the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area. NYC is an EPA nonattainment region for ozone (O) and likely is a VOC limited region. NYC has a complex coastal topography and meteorology with low-level jets and sea/bay/land breeze circulation associated with heat waves, leading to summertime O exceedances and formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). To date, no comprehensive source apportionment studies have been done to understand the contributions of local and long-range sources of VOCs in this area. This study applied an improved Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) methodology designed to incorporate atmospheric dispersion and photochemical reaction losses of VOCs to provide improved apportionment results. Hourly measurements of VOCs were obtained from a Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station located at an urban site in the Bronx from 2000 to 2021. The study further explores the role of VOC sources in O and SOA formation and leverages advanced machine learning tools, XGBoost and SHAP algorithms, to identify synergistic interactions between sources and provided VOC source impacts on ambient O concentrations. Isoprene demonstrated a substantial influence in the source contribution of the biogenic factor, emphasizing its role in O formation. Notable contributions from anthropogenic emissions, such as fuel evaporation and various industrial processes, along with significant traffic-related sources that likely contribute to SOA formation, underscore the combined impact of natural and human-made sources on O pollution. Findings of this study can assist regulatory agencies in developing appropriate policy and management initiatives to control O pollution in NYC.
过去二十年，纽约州的能源和环境政策以及能源市场的变化，激发了人们评估这些变化对各种能源生产部门排放影响的兴趣。本研究重点量化了这些对挥发性有机化合物（VOC）排放的影响，以及它们对纽约市（NYC）大都市区空气质量的后续影响。NYC 是 EPA 臭氧（O）不达标的地区，很可能是一个 VOC 受限的地区。NYC 具有复杂的沿海地形和气象条件，存在低空急流以及与热浪相关的海/湾/陆风环流，导致夏季 O 超标和二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的形成。迄今为止，尚未进行全面的源分配研究，以了解该地区本地和远程 VOC 源的贡献。本研究应用了一种改进的正矩阵因子分解（PMF）方法，旨在纳入 VOC 的大气扩散和光化学反应损失，以提供改进的分配结果。从 2000 年到 2021 年，在布朗克斯一个城市地点的光化学评估监测站，获得了 VOC 的每小时测量值。本研究进一步探讨了 VOC 源在 O 和 SOA 形成中的作用，并利用先进的机器学习工具，XGBoost 和 SHAP 算法，识别源之间的协同相互作用，并提供 VOC 源对环境 O 浓度的影响。异戊二烯在生物源因子的源贡献中表现出显著影响，强调了其在 O 形成中的作用。人为排放的重要贡献，如燃料蒸发和各种工业过程，以及可能导致 SOA 形成的重要交通相关源，突显了自然和人为源对 O 污染的综合影响。本研究的结果可以帮助监管机构制定适当的政策和管理措施，以控制 NYC 的 O 污染。
