Recent guidelines for diagnostic and therapeutic management of accidentally detected adrenal tumours (incidentaloma) in adults.

At the end of 2023, the European Journal of Endocrinology published the latest guidelines of the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) on the management of accidentally detected adrenal tumours (incidentalomas) in adults. Comparing them with the previous version of the ESE recommendations from 2016, a tendency towards far-reaching individualisation of the therapeutic and diagnostic approach in patients with adrenal incidentaloma can be seen - it is reflected by changes in the initial assessment of the malignancy of the lesion, in the scope of the proposed hormonal assessment, and qualification for surgery. The latest version of the guidelines includes 9 completely new recommendations, and 5 more recommendations have been significantly changed. Among the most important changes, the introduction of the term "mild autonomous cortisol secretion" (MACS) instead of the previously used term "autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS)" along with more precise recommendations regarding its management should be emphasised. An important novelty is also the modification of the criteria for benign adrenal adenoma, which does not require further imaging observation - due to the results of recent clinical studies, the authors have removed the criteria of size below 4 cm from the definition. Among others, the guidelines also encourage more proactive surgical treatment of indeterminate adrenal incidentaloma in people < 40 years of age and pregnant women. The authors of the recommendations repeatedly accentuate the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in making decisions regarding further management of patients with an unspecified adrenal tumour. Despite a few significant differences compared to the previous version of guidelines, the authors emphasise the presence of gaps in the current scientific evidence, which would not allow for the formulation of more unambiguous recommendations. The need to optimise ordered diagnostic tests, which generate additional socio-economic burdens without negative impact on patients' health, is also an important aspect of the latest guidelines.