Lin Qian, Ding Xiaolong, Hou Yuansheng, Ali Wajahat, Li Zichen, Han Xinya, Meng Zhen, Sun Yue, Liu Yi
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
Eco Environ Health. 2024 Mar 4;3(3):381-391. doi: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.002. eCollection 2024 Sep.
The escalating challenges in water treatment, exacerbated by climate change, have catalyzed the emergence of innovative solutions. Novel adsorption separation and membrane filtration methodologies, achieved through molecular structure manipulation, are gaining traction in the environmental and energy sectors. Separation technologies, integral to both the chemical industry and everyday life, encompass concentration and purification processes. Macrocycles, recognized as porous materials, have been prevalent in water treatment due to their inherent benefits: stability, adaptability, and facile modification. These structures typically exhibit high selectivity and reversibility for specific ions or molecules, enhancing their efficacy in water purification processes. The progression of purification methods utilizing macrocyclic frameworks holds promise for improved adsorption separations, membrane filtrations, resource utilization, and broader water treatment applications. This review encapsulates the latest breakthroughs in macrocyclic host-guest chemistry, with a focus on adsorptive and membrane separations. The aim is to spotlight strategies for optimizing macrocycle designs and their subsequent implementation in environmental and energy endeavors, including desalination, elemental extraction, seawater energy harnessing, and sustainable extraction. Hopefully, this review can guide the design and functionality of macrocycles, offering a significantly promising pathway for pollutant removal and resource utilization.
气候变化加剧了水处理领域不断升级的挑战，催生了创新解决方案的出现。通过分子结构调控实现的新型吸附分离和膜过滤方法，在环境和能源领域越来越受到关注。分离技术是化学工业和日常生活不可或缺的一部分，涵盖浓缩和纯化过程。大环化合物作为多孔材料，因其稳定性、适应性和易于改性等固有优点，在水处理中一直很普遍。这些结构通常对特定离子或分子表现出高选择性和可逆性，提高了它们在水净化过程中的功效。利用大环框架的纯化方法的进展有望改善吸附分离、膜过滤、资源利用及更广泛的水处理应用。本综述总结了大环主客体化学的最新突破，重点关注吸附和膜分离。目的是突出优化大环设计的策略及其在环境和能源领域的后续应用，包括海水淡化、元素提取、海洋能源利用和可持续提取。希望本综述能够指导大环化合物的设计和功能，为污染物去除和资源利用提供一条极具前景的途径。
